Methods and apparatus for wireless device attachment in a managed network architecture

ABSTRACT

Methods and apparatus for enhancing connectivity for a device backhauled by a wireline communication network. In one embodiment, the device comprises a small-cell or other wireless base station that is backhauled by a DOCSIS system within a managed HFC network, and the method and apparatus enable enhanced connection of user devices serviced by the base station (such as 3GPP UE or CBRS FWA) to a core entity for e.g., authentication and packet session establishment. In one implementation, enhanced Cable Termination System (CMTS) and cable modem (CM) devices coordinate to allocate prioritized service flows to traffic sourced from the base station. These service flows can selectively bypass extant DOCSIS protocols which might otherwise increase connection latency (including connection failure) such as AQM (active queue management) and packet dropping algorithms. In some variants, upstream service flow data rates can also be enhanced through temporary utilization of higher-order modulation and/or coding schemes.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is related to co-owned and co-pending U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/995,407 filed Aug. 17, 2020 and entitled“METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR SPECTRUM UTILIZATION COORDINATION BETWEENWIRELINE BACKHAUL AND WIRELESS SYSTEMS,” which is incorporated herein byreference in its entirety.

COPYRIGHT

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains materialthat is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has noobjection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent documentor the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and TrademarkOffice patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyrightrights whatsoever.

BACKGROUND 1. Technological Field

The present disclosure relates generally to the field of data networksand wireless equipment, and specifically, in one or more exemplaryembodiments, to methods and apparatus for a user end device attachmentand packet data session establishment via wireless and wireline networkinfrastructure.

2. Description of Related Technology

Data communication services are now ubiquitous throughout user premises(e.g., home, office, and even vehicles). Such data communicationservices may be provided via a managed or unmanaged networks. Forinstance, a typical home has services provided by one or more networkservice providers via a managed network such as a cable or satellitenetwork. These services may include content delivery (e.g., lineartelevision, on-demand content, personal or cloud DVR, “start over,”etc.), as well as so-called “over the top” third party content.Similarly, Internet and telephony access is also typically provided, andmay be bundled with the aforementioned content delivery functions intosubscription packages, which are increasingly becoming more user- orpremises-specific in their construction and content. Such services arealso increasingly attempting to adopt the paradigm of “anywhere,”anytime,” so that users (subscribers) can access the desired services(e.g., watch a movie) via a number of different receiving and renderingplatforms, such as in different rooms of their house, on their mobiledevice while traveling, etc.

Similarly, wireless data services of varying types are now ubiquitous.Such wireless services may include for instance (i) “licensed” service,such as cellular service provided by a mobile network operator (MNO),(ii) quasi-licensed (e.g., “shared” spectrum which in some cases may bewithdrawn, such as CBRS), (iii) unlicensed (such as Wi-Fi (IEEE Std.802.11) and “unlicensed cellular” technologies such as LTE-U/LAA orNR-U, as well as IoT (Internet of Things) services.

One common model is to provide localized unlicensed “small cell” (e.g.,3GPP “femtocell”) coverage via a service provider such as a terrestrialfiber or cable MSO. These small cells can leverage e.g., 3GPP unlicensedbands (such as NR-U bands in the 5 GHz range) or other spectrum such asCBRS (3.550-3.70 GHz, 3GPP Band 48), and C-Bands (3.30-5.00 GHz).Technologies for use of other bands such as 6 GHz band (5.925-7.125 GHzsuch as for Wi-Fi-6), and even mmWave bands (e.g., 24 GHz and above) arealso under development and expected to be widely deployed in comingyears.

Small cells offer great flexibility for providing effectivelyshared-access cellular coverage without the CAPEX and otherconsiderations associated with a normal licensed cellular (e.g., NodeB)deployment. Since small cells are designed to service fewerusers/throughput, they can also be backhauled by many existing andcommonly available forms of infrastructure, such as coaxial cablenetworks currently managed and operated by cable MSOs. Advantageously,there is a very large base of installed coaxial cable in the U.S. (andother countries), and the cable medium itself is capable of appreciablebandwidth, especially with more recent upgrades of the backhaulinfrastructure supporting the coaxial cable “last mile” (e.g., DWDMoptical distribution networks, high-speed DOCSIS modem protocols, andconverged/edge cable platforms such as CCAP).

Hence, cable MSOs have more recently begun deploying “small cells” (suchas CBRS CBSDs, described in greater detail subsequently herein) fortheir enterprise and residential customers in order to provide wirelesscoverage and backhaul, whether in high-density urban applications,suburban applications, and even low-density rural applications. Forinstance, in rural applications, such wireless cells in effect greatlyextend the last mile of installed cable, providing a wireless backhaulfor e.g., residential CPE which could otherwise not be serviced due tolack of a coaxial cable. Conversely, in urban applications, wirelesscoverage may be spotty due to e.g., large buildings and otherinfrastructure, and poor coverage can affect large numbers of users dueto their higher geographical/spatial density, thereby necessitatingsmall cell use. Common to all of these deployment scenarios is themanaged backhaul (e.g., cable) network.

Managed Cable Networks

Network operators deliver data services (e.g., broadband) and videoproducts to customers using a variety of different devices, therebyenabling their users or subscribers to access data/content in a numberof different contexts, both fixed (e.g., at their residence) and mobile(such as while traveling or away from home).

Data/content delivery may be specific to the network operator, such aswhere video content is ingested by the network operator or its proxy,and delivered to the network users or subscribers as a product orservice of the network operator. For instance, a cable multiple systemsoperator (MSO) may ingest content from multiple different sources (e.g.,national networks, content aggregators, etc.), process the ingestedcontent, and deliver it to the MSO subscribers via e.g., a hybrid fibercoax (HFC) cable/fiber network, such as to the subscriber's set-top boxor DOCSIS cable modem. Such ingested content is transcoded to thenecessary format as required (e.g., MPEG-2 or MPEG-4/AVC), framed andplaced in the appropriate media container format (“packaged”), andtransmitted via e.g., statistical multiplex into a multi-programtransport stream (MPTS) on 6 MHz radio frequency (RF) channels forreceipt by the subscribers RF tuner, demultiplexed and decoded, andrendered on the user's rendering device (e.g., digital TV) according tothe prescribed coding format.

FIG. 1 is functional block diagram illustrating a typical prior artmanaged (e.g., HFC cable) content delivery network architecture 100 usedto provide such data services to its users and subscribers, specificallyshowing a typical approach for delivery of high-speed data (broadband)services to such users via a variety of different end-userconfigurations.

As shown in FIG. 1 (simplified for illustration), one or more networkheadends 102 are in fiber communication with a plurality of nodes 113via fiber ring and distribution network 121. The headend(s) include aDOCSIS-compliant CMTS (cable modem termination system) 103, discussed ingreater detail below, which provide for downstream and upstream datacommunication with a plurality of user or subscriber DOCSIS cable modems(CMs) 125 which service corresponding CPE 127 such as WLAN devices, PCs,etc. The nodes 113 convert the optical domain signals to RF signalstypically in the range of 42-750 MHz for downstream transmission, andlikewise convert RF domain signals to optical for upstream data in therange of 0-42 MHz. Within the coaxial portion of the network 100, aplurality of amplifiers 114 and tap-off points 115 exist, so as toenable amplification and delivery of signals, respectively, to allportions of the coaxial topography. A backbone 119 connects the headendto external networks and data sources, such as via the Internet or othertypes of MAN/WAN/internetworks.

DOCSIS—

In the HFC network headend 102 (see FIG. 1A), data is packetized androuted to the requesting user based on the user's network or IP address,such as via the aforementioned high-speed DOCSIS cable modems 125,according to the well-known network-layer and DOCSIS PHY protocols.

The CMTS 103, is the central platform in enabling high speed Internetconnectivity over the HFC network. The CMTS consists of variousfunctional components, including upstream and downstream transceivers,MAC schedulers, QoS functions, security/access authentication, etc.

Another key component in the headend 102, is the Edge QAM modulator(EQAM) 205. The EQAM receives e.g., an IP unicast or multicast MPEGtransport stream packet over a GigE (Gigabit Ethernet) interface, andproduces transport stream on one or more RF channels for transmissionover the HFC distribution network 221. The EQAM can also perform otherfunctions such as re-stamp of Program Clock Reference (PCR) timestampssuch as for de-jitter processing. Output from the EQAM 205 is combinedwith video signals (e.g., SDV, analog, etc.) for downstream transmissionby the combiner logic 207.

While DOCSIS 3.0 is currently the prevailing technology, DOCSIS 3.1 israpidly being deployed as an upgrade to DOCSIS 3.0. DOCSIS 3.1 bringsmany fundamental changes, including Orthogonal Division Multiplexing(OFDM) as the new PHY layer modulation technology. In OFDM technology,the data is converted from serial to parallel, and transmitted onmultiple orthogonal carriers simultaneously. Using the orthogonalmulti-carrier concept of OFDM modulation improves the downstream andupstream throughput significantly, and reduces the receiver complexityin the CM and CMTS. Furthermore, bounding narrow band subcarriers inOFDM allows creation of wide band channels from 24 MHz to 192 MHz,moving away from legacy 6 MHz (or 8 MHz) channels of the type used intraditional DOCSIS 3.0 deployments. Spectrum utilization is alsoincreased, up to approximately 1.2 GHz.

Another feature introduced in DOCSIS 3.1, is the Low Density ParityCheck Code (LDPC) in upstream and downstream to optimize efficiency,provide robustness against narrow band interferers, and burst errors.The LDPC decoding efficiencies ostensibly increase the Signal-to-Noiseratio (SNR), allowing to use higher modulation for upstream anddownstream. Prior to DOCSIS.31, the highest order modulation to allowreliable transmission were 64-QAM for upstream, and 256-QAM fordownstream. Due to the LDPC error correcting efficiencies, the DOCSIS3.1 standard supports 4096-QAM in downstream, and 1024-QAM in upstream,allowing the data transmission speed close to the theoretical limits.

DOCSIS 4.0, which is the latest specification for data transmission overcable as of the date of this writing, leverages the DOCSIS 3.1technology to expand the downstream and upstream spectrum to use fullspectrum available for cable network (0 to approximately 1.8 GHz), whichis about 600 MHz more than the 1.2 GHz available under DOCSIS 3.1. TheExtended Spectrum DOCSIS (EDX) is designed to work over existing cableinfrastructure.

Full Duplex (FDX), another feature introduced in DOCSIS 4.0, will allowupstream and downstream traffic to occupy the same part of spectrum,thus doubling the throughput by using the existing HFC networkcharacteristics.

Unaddressed Issues of Prioritizing Wireless Service Flows—

As described previously, the CM 125 and CMTS 103 are the two maincomponents in DOCSIS systems. The CM receives/transmits the signalfrom/to the CMTS, and provides data service to homes and businesses. TheCMTS controls and manages the CMs deployed in the field. The mediumbetween CMTS and CMs is a two-way shared medium, in which downstreamchannels carry signals from the headend to the CMs (and their connected“CPE”, which as shown in FIG. 1A, may include 3GPP small cells 127, WLANAPs 129, CBRS CBSDs 131, and other devices such as user PCs 133), andupstream channels carry signals from the CMs to the headend.

The DOCSIS MAC protocol utilizes a “best efforts” request/grantmechanism to coordinate transmission between multiple CMs 125. If a CMneeds to transmit anything on the upstream channels, it first mustrequest that the CMTS allocate resources to the CM. The CMTS 103allocates the resources for the transmission of data to the CMs in thenext upstream frame(s) if bandwidth is available, such as via anupstream bandwidth allocation (MAP) message.

Furthermore, the CMTS must assign at least one service flow to each CM125 to carry best-effort traffic. In order to support different traffictypes, the CMTS may assign multiple service flows to each CM, with eachflow having its own characteristics and traffic parameters.

In a typical “strand” based wireless network deployment model such asthose rural and urban scenarios previously described, a CBSD (whichtypically is configured to utilize 3GPP LTE or 5G NR “Node B” technologyand protocols as the basis for its operation) is backhauled to thenetwork operator core (and MNO core if required) by the MSO's DOCSISnetwork; i.e., via a CM 125, as shown in FIG. 1A. The CBSD/xNBcommunicates to the CMTS 103 to transmit and receive traffic via theinterposed CM 125.

However, in this strand network deployment model, since the CBSD/xNBuses the existing backhaul for data connectivity to other networks,there can be noticeable loss of data throughput/speed and increasedlatency in the upstream (US or UL), especially in highly congestedareas. This results in large part from each CM 125 sharing one or morecommon CMTS 103, and the foregoing request/grant cycle for obtainingupstream bandwidth.

Moreover, such DOCSIS UL protocols are often incompatible withpreserving critical timing relationships for various types of trafficwhich they may carry, especially since current CM and DOCSIS protocolsdo not provide the CMTS with visibility into what equipment is attachedto the other end of the CM (i.e., on the customer or premises side). Forinstance, in the case of a wireless node such as a CBSD/xNB beingbackhauled by a DOCSIS CM/CMTS, when a user device (e.g., 3GPP UE)located in a congested area makes an attempt to connect to its corenetwork (e.g., EPC/5GC and packet network components thereof) via theCBS/xNB, the backhaul network may not be able to immediately grant theuser device (via its CM proxy) the UL resources to establish theconnection within the prescribed time limits specified by the e.g., NASlayer requirements of the 3GPP system, or the requirements of a thirdparty server providing voice or chat functionality (e.g., WhatsApp™). Insuch cases, the user attachment or similar request, which necessarilymust be routed back to the EPC/5GC or server as applicable, will berejected or delayed, and the user will experience a networkunavailability and failure to establish a packet session with thecore/server. Therefore, the user may be forced to reattempt to initiatethe connection repeatedly or at a later time, which results in poor userexperience and a high degree of frustration.

Moreover, for certain more critical applications (such a “911” orsimilar emergency functions, or urgent voice calls such as via a VoIPstack), such unpredictability and inability to connect each time aconnection is needed is completely unacceptable.

Likewise, for some other types of applications (e.g., IoT devices withextremely low power resources), a requirement for multiple attempts atconnection can rapidly deplete the device resources, thereby leading topremature failure and more frequent user/technician maintenance.

Based on the foregoing, improved apparatus and methods are needed toreduce network connection/attachment latency for user devices served bywireless devices such as small cells/CBSDs, and assure that e.g., ULtiming requirements within the wireless network core are respected. Suchimproved apparatus and methods would ideally provide the foregoingfeatures without large capital expenditures (CAPEX); e.g., viainstallation of additional cellular base stations with dedicatedbackhaul in the coverage area.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure addresses the foregoing needs by providing, interalia, methods and apparatus, for inter alia, enhancing connectivity ofwireless devices such as small-cell base stations connected to awireline communication network supporting data backhaul.

In a first aspect of the disclosure, a computerized method of operatinga packet network infrastructure is described. In one embodiment, theinfrastructure includes at least one packet receiver apparatus and atleast one packet transmitter apparatus, and the method includes;identifying at the at least one packet receiver apparatus a first typeof equipment connected to the at least one packet transmitter apparatus;based at least on the identifying, causing establishment of at least oneprioritized service flow between the at least one packet receiverapparatus and the at least one packet transmitter apparatus; andutilizing the established at least one service flow to routetime-sensitive data packets between the at least one packet transmitterapparatus and the at least one packet receiver apparatus.

In one variant, the packet network infrastructure includes a DOCSIS(data over cable service specification) packet data system, the at leastone packet receiver apparatus includes a cable modem termination system(CMTS), and the at least one packet transmitter apparatus includes acable modem (CM). In one implementation thereof, the identifying at theat least one packet receiver apparatus a first type of equipmentconnected to the at least one packet transmitter apparatus includesidentifying at the CMTS a wireless base station connected to the CMbased at least in inspecting one or more packet headers for packetstransmitted by the CM to the CMTS, the one or more packet headers of thetransmitted packets having been marked with a prescribed designation bythe wireless base station.

In one configuration of the foregoing method, the wireless base stationincludes a 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) compliant basestation operating within a quasi-licensed frequency band, and theutilizing the established at least one service flow to routetime-sensitive data packets between the at least one packet transmitterapparatus and the at least one packet receiver apparatus includesrouting at least 3GPP UE (user equipment) attachment message data viathe at least one service flow.

In another variant of the method, the utilizing the established at leastone service flow to route time-sensitive data packets between the atleast one packet transmitter apparatus and the at least one packetreceiver apparatus includes avoiding or precluding use of one or morequeue management algorithms which are configured to drop one or morequeued packets. In one implementation thereof, the packet networkinfrastructure includes a DOCSIS (data over cable service specification)packet data system, the at least one packet receiver apparatus includesa cable modem termination system (CMTS), and the at least one packettransmitter apparatus includes a cable modem (CM); and the one or morequeue management algorithms comprise one or more DOCSIS AQM algorithms.

In another implementation, the causing establishment of at least oneprioritized service flow between the at least one packet receiverapparatus and the at least one packet transmitter apparatus includesspecifying a plurality of QoS (quality of service) parameters consistentwith one or more temporal requirements associated with routing thetime-sensitive packets.

In another aspect of the disclosure, computerized modem apparatus foruse in a data network is described. In one embodiment, the apparatusincludes: a radio frequency (RF) interface; at least one packet datainterface; processor apparatus in data communication with the at leastone packet data interface and the RF interface; and storage apparatus indata communication with the processor apparatus, the storage apparatuscomprising at least one computer program.

In one variant, the computer program is configured to, when executed bythe processor apparatus, cause the modem apparatus to: receive firstdata packets via the at least one packet data interface; determine thatat least a portion of the received first data packets are sourced from awireless access node; and based at least on the determination, forwardthe at least portion of the received first data packets that are sourcedfrom the wireless access node to a packet receiver apparatus in datacommunication with the modem apparatus via at least the RF interface.

In one implementation, the computerized modem apparatus is furtherconfigured to establish one or more prioritized service flows betweenthe modem apparatus and the receiver apparatus responsive to theforwarding of the at least portion of the received first data packetsthat are sourced from the wireless access node to a packet receiverapparatus.

In another implementation, the at least one packet receiver apparatusincludes a DOCSIS cable modem termination system (CMTS), and the modemapparatus includes a DOCSIS cable modem (CM).

In yet another implementation, the determination that the at leastportion of the packets are sourced from a wireless access node includesone of (i) inspection of one or more data fields of a header of one ormore of the packets, or (ii) receipt of the at least portion of packetsat a prescribed data packet port or socket of the modem apparatus.

In a further implementation, the at least one computer program isfurther configured to, when executed by the processor apparatus, causethe modem apparatus to queue the at least portion of the packets in aprescribed buffer associated with a service flow created to route the atleast portion of the packets to the receiver apparatus. In one suchconfiguration, the at least one computer program is further configuredto, when executed by the processor apparatus, cause the modem apparatusto: monitor at least one aspect of the prescribed buffer; and based atleast on the monitoring, cause a change to at least one transmissionparameter associated with transmission of the queued at least portion ofthe packets. For example, the at least one aspect of the prescribedbuffer includes at least one of buffer depth or fill rate; and thecausation of a change to at least one transmission parameter associatedwith transmission of the queued at least portion of the packets includesnegotiation of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) higher in order thanone in use prior to the change.

In another aspect, computerized network apparatus for use in a packetdata network is disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes: atleast one first packet data interface for interface with a radiofrequency modulation/demodulation apparatus; at least one second packetdata interface for interface with a backhaul network; processorapparatus in data communication with the at least one first packet datainterface and the at least one second packet data interface; and storageapparatus in data communication with the processor apparatus, thestorage apparatus comprising at least one computer program.

In one variant, the at least one program is configured to, when executedby the processor apparatus, cause the network apparatus to: receivefirst data packets via the at least one first packet data interface;determine that at least a portion of the received first data packets aresourced from a wireless access node in data communication with a modemapparatus, the modem apparatus in data communication with the networkapparatus via at least the first packet data interface; and causeestablishment of one or more prioritized upstream service flows betweenthe modem apparatus and the network apparatus, the one or moreprioritized upstream service flows configured to enable a reduction inboth transmission latency and packet loss for at least some subsequentones of packets sourced from the wireless access node.

In one implementation, the one or more prioritized upstream serviceflows between the modem apparatus and the network apparatus comprise atleast one data flow dedicated to attachment of a wireless client devicewirelessly connected to the access node to a core network, the corenetwork in data communication with the network apparatus via the atleast one second packet data interface.

In another implementation, the network apparatus includes a CMTS withina hybrid fiber coax (HFC) network, and the wireless access node includesa 3GPP-compliant CBSD (Citizens Broadband Service Device) operativewithin a frequency band of 3.550 to 3.700 GHz, and the core networkincludes at least one of a 3GPP EPC (evolved packet core) or 3GPP 5GC(5G Core), and the attachment of the wireless client device includesattachment of a 3GPP UE (user equipment) to the core network via 3GPPattach and session establishment protocols.

In yet another implementation, the network apparatus is furtherconfigured to selectively cause the establishment of the one or moreprioritized upstream service flows between the modem apparatus and thenetwork apparatus based at least on a detected level of upstream packetdata congestion associated with the network apparatus.

In still a further implementation, the one or more prioritized upstreamservice flows between the modem apparatus and the network apparatuscomprise establishment of at least (i) a service flow dedicated towireless device attachment, and (ii) a user-plane (UP) data supportingservice flow.

In another aspect, a method for registration and authentication of aclient device (e.g., UE) is disclosed. In one embodiment, the UE beingregistered is configured to utilize CBRS-band quasi-licensed spectrum,and the method includes communicating data via at least one prioritizedconnectivity service flow between a CM supporting a serving base station(e.g., CBRS CBSD), and a CMTS that prioritizes theregistration/authentication of the UE over the existing data trafficbetween the base station and the CMTS.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a network architecture fortransaction of wireless data with at least one mobile wireless receiverapparatus is disclosed. In one embodiment, the network architectureincludes: one or more wireless base stations; a computerized networkcontroller process; at least one mobile wireless receiver apparatus; andone or more computerized modem devices, each computerized modem devicein communication with a base station and the computerized networkcontroller process. In one variant, the computerized network controllerincludes a service flow agent which allocates the service flows to oneor more modems in support of their respective base station. The basestations include a packet agent or manager that marks up or designatesdata transmitted from the base station.

In another aspect, a base station apparatus is disclosed. In oneembodiment, the apparatus includes an enhanced CBRS (Citizens BroadbandRadio Service)-compliant CBSD that is capable of data communication withmobile user devices or CBRS FWA devices within CBRS frequency bands. Inone embodiment, the base station device includes a network interfacefor, inter alia, connecting to a DOCSIS system via a cable modem. Inanother embodiment, the base station device includes a packet agent fordesignating data transmitted from the base station as originating from abase station generically, or a particular base station identity.

In an additional aspect of aspect of disclosure, a computerized networkpacket data controller apparatus is disclosed. In one embodiment, theapparatus includes an enhanced DOCSIS compliant CMTS that is capable ofdata communication with a plurality of cable modems (CMs) within one ormore DOCSIS frequency bands. In one embodiment, the enhanced CMTSincludes a service flow agent for allocating one or more service flow tospecific CMs supporting respective wireless base stations, includingselectively based on upstream congestion experienced by the CMTS.

In an additional aspect of the disclosure, computer readable apparatusis described. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a storage mediumconfigured to store one or more computer programs, such as a serviceflow/packet agent module of the above-mentioned enhanced CBSD or CMTS.In another embodiment, the apparatus includes a program memory or HDD orSSD (e.g., 3D NAND flash memory based device) on a computerizedcontroller/base station device.

In another aspect of disclosure, a method of operating a communicationnetwork so as to enhance connectivity of certain devices or classes ofdevices is disclosed. In one variant, the data network includes a hybridcoaxial fiber network with DOCSIS capability, and a plurality of basestation (e.g., 3GPP compliant 4G/5G base stations) backhauled by theDOCSIS system, and the method includes prioritizing UE core networkattachment procedures or packets within at least the DOCSIS system so asto increase “firt try” connections and attachments to the core. Inanother variant, IoT device attachments are prioritized in order to,inter alia, conserve their limited batter resources.

In a further aspect of the disclosure, computer readable apparatusincluding a non-transitory storage medium, the non-transitory mediumincluding at least one computer program having a plurality ofinstructions is disclosed. In one embodiment, the plurality ofinstructions are configured to, when executed on a processing apparatus:request a resource (e.g., spectrum) grant to register a base stationwithin the network; receive data relating to at least registration dataof the device. In one variant, the resource request (e.g., to a CBRSSAS) is prioritized using one or more established service flows based ondata transmission originating from the base station.

In yet another aspect, methods and apparatus for implementing QoE or QoSfor certain IP data sessions are disclosed. In one embodiment, themethods and apparatus are configured to establish prioritized DOCSISservice flows for various phases of the IP data session, and selectivelyutilize the service flows according to QoS parameters associated withthe flows to maintain the desired QoS or QoE. In one variant, “end toend” service flow prioritization is used, such as when multipleparticipants in the session are backhauled by DOCSIS systems,

These and other aspects shall become apparent when considered in lightof the disclosure provided herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a prior art hybrid fiber-coaxial(HFC) data network for delivery of data to end user devices.

FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating the DOCSIS infrastructure of theHFC network of FIG. 1 , and various types of backhauled premisesdevices.

FIG. 2 is a logical flow diagram illustrating a typical prior artattachment request scenario for a wireless base station (e.g., CBSD)backhauled via the DOCSIS infrastructure of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 3 is a logical flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a methodfor attachment request processing via a wireless base station (e.g.,CBSD) backhauled via the improved DOCSIS infrastructure of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 3A is a logical flow diagram illustrating one implementation of theCMe packet identification process of FIG. 3 .

FIG. 3B is a logical flow diagram illustrating one implementation of theCBSDe attach packet receipt identification process of FIG. 3 .

FIG. 3C is a logical flow diagram illustrating one implementation of theCMe attach packet receipt and queueing process of FIG. 3 .

FIG. 3D is a logical flow diagram illustrating one implementation of theCMTSe packet identification and flow establishment process of FIG. 3 .

FIG. 3E is a logical flow diagram illustrating one implementation of theCMe queue monitoring and management process of FIG. 3 .

FIG. 4 is a logical flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a methodfor DL packet processing via the improved DOCSIS infrastructure of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a logical flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a methodfor end-to-end call session processing via the improved DOCSISinfrastructure of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating one exemplary embodiment ofnetwork configuration with enhanced base station connectivityfunctionality according to the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating another exemplary embodiment ofnetwork configuration with enhanced base station connectivityfunctionality according to the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating yet another exemplary embodimentof network configuration with enhanced base station connectivityfunctionality according to the present disclosure, wherein anetwork-based baseband processing functionality is utilized.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating one exemplary embodiment ofnetwork converged headend and remote PHY device (RPD) configuration withenhanced CMTS and connectivity functionality according to the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating one exemplary embodiment of basestation (e.g., CBSDe) apparatus configured for provision of enhancedconnectivity according to the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating one exemplary embodiment of acable modem (CMe) apparatus configured for provision of enhancedconnectivity according to the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 is a ladder diagram illustrating communication flow between UE,CBSDe, CMe, CMTSe, and network core according to one embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

All Figures © Copyright 2019-2020 Charter Communications Operating, LLC.All rights reserved.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference is now made to the drawings wherein like numerals refer tolike parts throughout.

As used herein, the term “access node” refers generally and withoutlimitation to a network node which enables communication between a useror client device and another entity within a network, such as forexample a CBRS CBSD, a cellular xNB, a Wi-Fi AP, or a Wi-Fi-Directenabled client or other device acting as a Group Owner (GO).

As used herein, the term “application” (or “app”) refers generally andwithout limitation to a unit of executable software that implements acertain functionality or theme. The themes of applications vary broadlyacross any number of disciplines and functions (such as on-demandcontent management, e-commerce transactions, brokerage transactions,home entertainment, calculator etc.), and one application may have morethan one theme. The unit of executable software generally runs in apredetermined environment; for example, the unit could include adownloadable Java Xlet™ that runs within the JavaTV™ environment.Applications as used herein may also include so-called “containerized”applications and their execution and management environments such as VMs(virtual machines) and Docker and Kubernetes.

As used herein, the term “CBRS” refers without limitation to the CBRSarchitecture and protocols described in Signaling Protocols andProcedures for Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS): Spectrum AccessSystem (SAS)—Citizens Broadband Radio Service Device (CBSD) InterfaceTechnical Specification—Document WINNF-TS-0016, Version V1.2.1. 3,January 2018, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and anyrelated documents or subsequent versions thereof.

As used herein, the terms “client device” or “user device” or “UE”include, but are not limited to, set-top boxes (e.g., DSTBs), gateways,modems, FWA devices, personal computers (PCs), and minicomputers,whether desktop, laptop, or otherwise, and mobile devices such ashandheld computers, PDAs, personal media devices (PMDs), tablets,“phablets”, smartphones, and vehicle infotainment systems or portionsthereof.

As used herein, the term “computer program” or “software” is meant toinclude any sequence or human or machine cognizable steps which performa function. Such program may be rendered in virtually any programminglanguage or environment including, for example, C/C++, Fortran, COBOL,PASCAL, assembly language, markup languages (e.g., HTML, SGML, XML,VoXML), and the like, as well as object-oriented environments such asthe Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), Java™ (includingJ2ME, Java Beans, etc.) and the like.

As used herein, the term “DOCSIS” refers to any of the existing orplanned variants of the Data Over Cable Services InterfaceSpecification, including for example DOCSIS versions 1.0, 1.1, 2.0, 3.0,3.1 and 4.0, and EuroDOCSIS counterparts thereof, as well as so-called“Extended Spectrum DOCSIS.”.

As used herein, the term “headend” or “backend” refers generally to anetworked system controlled by an operator (e.g., an MSO) thatdistributes programming to MSO clientele using client devices. Suchprogramming may include literally any information source/receiverincluding, inter alia, free-to-air TV channels, pay TV channels,interactive TV, over-the-top services, streaming services, and theInternet.

As used herein, the terms “Internet” and “internet” are usedinterchangeably to refer to inter-networks including, withoutlimitation, the Internet. Other common examples include but are notlimited to: a network of external servers, “cloud” entities (such asmemory or storage not local to a device, storage generally accessible atany time via a network connection, and the like), service nodes, accesspoints, controller devices, client devices, etc.

As used herein, the term “LTE” refers to, without limitation and asapplicable, any of the variants or Releases of the Long-Term Evolutionwireless communication standard, including LTE-U (Long Term Evolution inunlicensed spectrum), LTE-LAA (Long Term Evolution, Licensed AssistedAccess), LTE-A (LTE Advanced), and 4G/4.5G LTE.

As used herein, the term “memory” includes any type of integratedcircuit or other storage device adapted for storing digital dataincluding, without limitation, ROM, PROM, EEPROM, DRAM, SDRAM,(G)DDR/2/3/4/5/6 SDRAM, EDO/FPMS, RLDRAM, SRAM, “flash” memory (e.g.,NAND/NOR), 3D memory, stacked memory such as HBM/HBM2, and spin Ram,PSRAM.

As used herein, the terms “microprocessor” and “processor” or “digitalprocessor” are meant generally to include all types of digitalprocessing devices including, without limitation, digital signalprocessors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computers (RISC),general-purpose (CISC) processors, microprocessors, gate arrays (e.g.,FPGAs), PLDs, reconfigurable computer fabrics (RCFs), array processors,secure microprocessors, and application-specific integrated circuits(ASICs). Such digital processors may be contained on a single unitary ICdie, or distributed across multiple components.

As used herein, the terms “MSO” or “multiple systems operator” refer toa cable, satellite, or terrestrial network provider havinginfrastructure required to deliver services including programming anddata over those mediums.

As used herein, the terms “MNO” or “mobile network operator” refer to acellular, satellite phone, WMAN (e.g., 802.16), or other network serviceprovider having infrastructure required to deliver services includingwithout limitation voice and data over those mediums.

As used herein, the terms “network” and “bearer network” refer generallyto any type of telecommunications or data network including, withoutlimitation, hybrid fiber coax (HFC) networks, satellite networks, telconetworks, and data networks (including MANs, WANs, LANs, WLANs,internets, and intranets). Such networks or portions thereof may utilizeany one or more different topologies (e.g., ring, bus, star, loop,etc.), transmission media (e.g., wired/RF cable, RF wireless, millimeterwave, optical, etc.) and/or communications or networking protocols(e.g., SONET, DOCSIS, IEEE Std. 802.3, ATM, X.25, Frame Relay, 3GPP,3GPP2, LTE/LTE-A/LTE-U/LTE-LAA, 5G NR, WAP, SIP, UDP, FTP, RTP/RTCP,H.323, etc.).

As used herein, the term “network interface” refers to any signal ordata interface with a component or network including, withoutlimitation, those of the FireWire (e.g., FW400, FW800, etc.), USB (e.g.,USB 2.0, 3.0. OTG), Ethernet (e.g., 10/100, 10/100/1000 (GigabitEthernet), 10-Gig-E, etc.), MoCA, Coaxsys (e.g., TVnet™), radiofrequency tuner (e.g., in-band or OOB, cable modem, etc.),LTE/LTE-A/LTE-U/LTE-LAA, Wi-Fi (802.11), WiMAX (802.16), Z-wave, PAN(e.g., 802.15), or power line carrier (PLC) families.

As used herein the terms “5G” and “New Radio (NR)” refer withoutlimitation to apparatus, methods or systems compliant with 3GPP Release15, and any modifications, subsequent Releases, or amendments orsupplements thereto which are directed to New Radio technology, whetherlicensed or unlicensed.

As used herein, the term “QAM” refers to modulation schemes used forsending signals over e.g., cable or other networks. Such modulationscheme might use any constellation level (e.g. QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM,256-QAM, etc.) depending on details of a network. A QAM may also referto a physical channel modulated according to the schemes.

As used herein, the term “quasi-licensed” refers without limitation tospectrum which is at least temporarily granted, shared, or allocated foruse on a dynamic or variable basis, whether such spectrum is unlicensed,shared, licensed, or otherwise. Examples of quasi-licensed spectruminclude without limitation CBRS, DSA, GOGEU TVWS (TV White Space), andLSA (Licensed Shared Access) spectrum.

As used herein, the term “SAE (Spectrum Allocation Entity)” referswithout limitation to one or more entities or processes which are taskedwith or function to allocate quasi-licensed spectrum to users. Examplesof SAEs include SAS (CBRS). PMSE management entities, and LSAControllers or Repositories.

As used herein, the term “SAS (Spectrum Access System)” refers withoutlimitation to one or more SAS entities which may be compliant with FCCPart 96 rules and certified for such purpose, including (i) Federal SAS(FSAS), (ii) Commercial SAS (e.g., those operated by private companiesor entities), and (iii) other forms of SAS.

As used herein, the term “server” refers to any computerized component,system or entity regardless of form which is adapted to provide data,files, applications, content, or other services to one or more otherdevices or entities on a computer network.

As used herein, the term “shared access” refers without limitation to(i) coordinated, licensed sharing such as e.g., traditional fixed linkcoordination in 70/80/90 GHz and the U.S. FCC's current rulemaking onpotential database-coordinated sharing by fixed point-to-multipointdeployments in the C-band (3.7-4.2 GHz); (ii) opportunistic, unlicenseduse of unused spectrum by frequency and location such as TV White Spaceand the U.S. FCC's proposal to authorize unlicensed sharing in theuplink C-band and other bands between 5925 and 7125 MHz; (iii) two-tierLicensed Shared Access (LSA) based on geographic areas and databaseassist such as e.g., within 3GPP LTE band 40 based on multi-year sharingcontracts with tier-one incumbents; and (iv) three-tier shared access(including quasi-licensed uses) such as CBRS.

As used herein, the term “storage” refers to without limitation computerhard drives, DVR device, memory, RAID devices or arrays, optical media(e.g., CD-ROMs, Laserdiscs, Blu-Ray, etc.), or any other devices ormedia capable of storing content or other information.

As used herein, the term “users” may include without limitation endusers (e.g., individuals, whether subscribers of the MSO network, theMNO network, or other), the receiving and distribution equipment orinfrastructure such as a CPE/FWA or CBSD, venue operators, third partyservice providers, or even entities within the MSO itself (e.g., aparticular department, system or processing entity).

As used herein, the term “Wi-Fi” refers to, without limitation and asapplicable, any of the variants of IEEE Std. 802.11 or related standardsincluding 802.11 a/b/g/n/s/v/ac/ad/ax/ay/ba or 802.11-2012/2013,802.11-2016, as well as Wi-Fi Direct (including inter alia, the “Wi-FiPeer-to-Peer (P2P) Specification”, incorporated herein by reference inits entirety).

As used herein, the term “wireless” means any wireless signal, data,communication, or other interface including without limitation Wi-Fi,Bluetooth/BLE, 3G (3GPP/3GPP2), HSDPA/HSUPA, TDMA, CBRS, CDMA (e.g.,IS-95A, WCDMA, etc.), FHSS, DSSS, GSM, PAN/802.15, WiMAX (802.16),802.20, Zigbee®, Z-wave, narrowband/FDMA, OFDM, PCS/DCS,LTE/LTE-A/LTE-U/LTE-LAA, 5G NR, LoRa, IoT-NB, SigFox, analog cellular,CDPD, satellite systems, millimeter wave or microwave systems, acoustic,and infrared (i.e., IrDA).

As used herein, the term “xNB” refers to any 3GPP-compliant nodeincluding without limitation eNBs (eUTRAN) and gNBs (5G NR).

Overview

In one exemplary aspect, the present disclosure provides methods andapparatus for enhancing wireless access connectivity of a base station(e.g., a CBRS CBSD operating using 3GPP xNB protocols and technology)backhauled by a DOCSIS data network via a CM.

In one embodiment, an enhanced base station (e.g., CBSDe) is in datacommunication with an enhanced CMTS (CMTSe) via an enhanced CM (CMe),with the base station providing wireless service and coverage to e.g.,FWA and UE devices. The base station has a process operative thereon(e.g., “Packet Manager”) that enables designation of IP packets which itframes for upstream transmission so as to enable prioritization of atleast portions of the packets transmitted from the base station to theCMTSe via the CMe. In one variant, packets processed by the CBSDerelating to UE or FWA 3GPP “attach” procedures (i.e., requests to theprevailing wireless core function for authentication and packet sessionestablishment) are prioritized so as to avoid normal DOCSIS upstream“request/grant” processes which can result in failure to attach anddropped sessions, such as when a significant amount of congestion existswithin the wireline (DOCSIS) network.

In one embodiment, the CMTSe has a process operating thereon (e.g.,“Service Flow Manager”) that supports prioritizing allocation of theresources to the base station(s); e.g., via establishment of one or morebase station-specific service flows (i.e., BS_SYN, BS_ATTACH, andBS_DATA). Packets queued in the these service flows are not subject tothe normal request/grant procedures, nor typical packet “drop” protocolssuch as may be utilized with e.g., DOCSIS AQM (Active Queue Management)or the PIE algorithms (RFC 8034).

In one implementation, the CBSDe PM process marks upstream packets fortransmission to the CMTSe via the packet's IP header. The receivingCMTSe identifies the packets sent from the base station via thisdesignated header (e.g., a field therein), and in response enables a“BS_SYN” service flow for the CMe serving the base station. The BS_SYNservice flow allows for prioritization in allocate of resources topackets queued within that service flow. Upon receipt of BS_SYN queuedpackets (indicating that the CBSDe is attempting attachment for a UE orFWA), the CMTSe enables a BS_ATTACH service flow for the CMe. Once theCMTSe receives messages from the CMe queued in the BS_ATTACH queue, theCMTSe may enable a BS_DATA service flow, and user plane (UP) traffic mayuse this service flow for the transmission of data in downlink anduplink.

In one variant, the CMe monitors the buffers (queues) associated withthe prioritized service flows for overflow, and in the case of bufferoverflow negotiates with the CMTSe to increase the modulation order toreduce latency.

The exemplary embodiments described herein effectively improve, interalia, upstream UE/FWA connectivity via prioritizing the service flowsassociated with the base station, without the need to increase bandwidthor increasing the data buffer size (and the various issues associatedtherewith). In one sense, the various mechanisms described herein enablean identified base station to “short circuit” normal DOCSIS upstream(and in some configurations, downstream) protocols to support highlytime-sensitive operations such as UE/FWA attachment to the wireless core(or even a third-party app server).

In addition, the prioritized service flow mechanisms described hereinrequire only minimal changes to installed infrastructure (e.g., firmwareupdates to the CBSD, CM and CMTS), thereby obviating installation of newor additional infrastructure such as cellular base station, therebyeffectively enhancing customer service and quality of experience (QoE)without extensive CAPEX (capital expenditure).

The methods and apparatus described herein may also advantageously beextended to support other wireless architectures and technologies.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

Exemplary embodiments of the apparatus and methods of the presentdisclosure are now described in detail. While these exemplaryembodiments are described in the context of the previously mentionedbase stations (e.g., 3GPP eNB or gNB operating within unlicensed orquasi-licensed spectrum) associated with e.g., a managed network (e.g.,hybrid fiber coax (HFC) cable architecture having a multiple systemsoperator (MSO), digital networking capability, IP delivery capability,and a plurality of client devices), the general principles andadvantages of the disclosure may be extended to other types of radioaccess technologies (“RATs”), wireline networks and architectures thatare configured to deliver digital data (e.g., text, images, games,software applications, video and/or voice/audio). Such other networks orarchitectures may be broadband, narrowband, or otherwise, the followingtherefore being merely exemplary in nature.

It will also be appreciated that while described generally in thecontext of a network providing service to a customer or consumer or enduser or subscriber (i.e., within a prescribed venue, or other type ofpremises), the present disclosure may be readily adapted to other typesof environments including, e.g., indoors, outdoors, commercial/retail,or enterprise domain (e.g., businesses), or even governmental uses, suchas those outside the proscribed “incumbent” users such as U.S. DoD andthe like. Yet other applications are possible.

Also, while certain aspects are described primarily in the context ofthe well-known Internet Protocol (described in, inter alia, InternetProtocol DARPA Internet Program Protocol Specification, IETF RCF 791(September 1981) and Deering et al., Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6)Specification, IETF RFC 2460 (December 1998), each of which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety), it will beappreciated that the present disclosure may utilize other types ofprotocols (and in fact bearer networks to include other internets andintranets) to implement the described functionality.

Moreover, while the exemplary SAS framework is configured to allocatespectrum in the 3.5 GHz band (specifically 3,550 to 3,700 MHz), it willbe appreciated by those of ordinary skill when provided the presentdisclosure that the methods and apparatus described herein may beconfigured to utilize other “quasi licensed” or other spectrum,including without limitation DSA, LSA, or TVWS systems, and those above4.0 GHz (e.g., currently proposed allocations up to 4.2 GHz, and evenmillimeter wave bands such as those between 24 and 100 GHz), as well aslicensed/leased spectrum such as e.g., Band 12-17 and Band 71 spectrum.

Moreover, while some aspects of the present disclosure are described indetail with respect to so-called “4G/4.5G” 3GPP Standards (akaLTE/LTE-A) and so-called 5G “New Radio” (3GPP Release 15/16/17 and TS38.XXX Series Standards and beyond), such aspects are generally accesstechnology “agnostic” and hence may be used across different accesstechnologies, and can be applied to, inter alia, any type of P2MP(point-to-multipoint) or MP2P (multipoint-to-point) technology,including e.g., Qualcomm Multefire.

It will also be appreciated that while the primary embodiments of themethods and apparatus described herein are cast in terms of reducinglatency and enhancing connectivity of a base stations connected to theDOCSIS data network, the various aspects of the disclosure may findutility in other types of applications, including e.g., that whereintermittent connectivity can be established, but is unreliable or hasother undesired attributes, such as for e.g., IoT applications.

Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will immediatelybe recognized by persons of ordinary skill in the art with reference tothe attached drawings and detailed description of exemplary embodimentsas given below.

Methodology—

Various methods and embodiments thereof for enhancing wirelessconnectivity and of a wireless device backhauled by a DOCSIS networkaccording to the present disclosure are now described with respect toFIGS. 3-5 .

However, before discussing these embodiments, it is illustrative toreview in detail the operation of extant DOCSIS systems while attemptingto attach a wireless device via a base station backhauled thereby.Referring now to FIG. 2 , a typical prior art sequence 200 for wirelessdevice attachment is shown. At step 201, the user device (e.g., a 3GPPUE such as a mobile device of FWA) implements so-called “RACH” (randomaccess channel) procedures to synchronize with the base station (e.g.,gNB or eNB, hereinafter “xNB”). Pursuant thereto, the UE alsosubsequently connects to the xNB to establish a radio resource layerconnected state (i.e., RRC Connected) via UL and DL shared channels andassociated procedures. RACH and RRC procedures are well known, and notdescribed further herein.

Per step 203, when the UE is connected, it then attempts to attach tothe network core (e.g., the MME or mobility management entity in an EPCcontext), such as by including attachment data in a last of the RRCconnection status messages.

The xNB passes this data (in the form of e.g., one or more IP packets)to its upstream CM at step 205.

At step 207, the CM routes the received packet(s) to the CMTS via normalDOCSIS protocols. At this juncture, neither the CM nor the CMTS applyany specific significance or context to these packets; they are merelyadditional IP traffic to be sent upstream. As such, with US/UL bandwidthbeing limited in general (and even more so in high congestion/usagescenarios), the CM and CMTS will utilize e.g., a “best efforts” approachwherein the CM will request an US resource allocation, and eventuallyvia the MAP message will receive a grant. The issuance and timing ofthis grant are by no means certain, and as such time-sensitive datatransactions such as UE core attach requests may suffer as previouslydescribed with respect to FIG. 1 .

As a brief aside, for DOCSIS 3.0, downstream channels employ adownstream scheduler process operative at the CMTS that manages theallocation of bandwidth across multiple 6 MHz wide channels amongcompeting service flows (a transport service that providesunidirectional transport of packets). A DS service flow may consist forexample of one or more TCP/IP connections terminating at a specific CM,and service flow traffic may be prioritized based on QoS trafficparameters associated with the flow. However, the DOCSIS 3.0 standarddoes not specify how a specific scheduling implementation shoulddifferentially treat data having different priority levels.

Under DOCSIS 3.0, the upstream channel is time division (TDM)multiplexed (or SC-FDMA), and the TDM mode uses transmission slotsreferred to as mini-slots. Permission to transmit data in a block of oneor more mini-slots must be granted by a CMTS to each CM. The CMTS grantsmini-slot ownership by periodically transmitting MAP frames on thedownstream channel. The MAP also typically identifies some mini-slots ascontention slots; for these contention slots, the CMs may bid forquantities of future resources. To minimize collisions for thecontention slots, a backoff procedure is employed. Additionally, in theevent that a CM has a backlog of upstream packets, it may also“piggyback” a request for mini-slots for the next packet at the end ofthe then-current packet.

In contrast to DOCIS 3.0, DOCSIS 3.1 DS channel bandwidth is between 24and 192 MHz, and between 6.4 and 96 MHz in the US. The DOCSIS 3.1physical layer uses wideband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) channels (downstream) and orthogonal frequency division multipleaccess (OFDMA) channels (upstream). Due to the use of many subcarriersin an upstream channel, multiple CMs on the same upstream channel cansend data packets to the CMTS simultaneously on different subcarriers.This approach enables a very large data bandwidth through the use ofonly a single channel. Additionally, at the MAC layer, DOCSIS 3.1continues to support channel bonding. This feature now allows thebonding of OFDM/OFDMA, as well as mixed bonding of legacy single-carrierchannels and the OFDM/OFDMA channels (i.e., effectively treating anOFDM/OFDMA channel as a single-carrier channel). DOCSIS 3.1 alsorequires AQM (Active Queue Management) to reduce the buffering latencyin CM and CMTS.

In addition to the “best efforts” service previously described, otherservices may be used for traffic service flow management (depending onthe version of DOCSIS). For example, Non-real-time polling service(NRTPS) can be used for upstream service flows. In this service, theCMTS scheduler sends unicast polls to individual CMs on a fixedinterval, in order to determine whether data is queued for transmissionon a particular service flow. If so, the CMTS scheduler provides atransmission grant for the service flow. Associated QoS parameters forNRTPS may include Traffic priority, Request Transmission Policy, MaximumSustained Traffic Rate, Maximum Traffic Burst, Minimum Reserved TrafficRate, Assumed Minimum Reserved-Traffic-Rate Packet Size, and NominalPolling Interval.

Additionally, the Real-time polling service (RTPS) may be used forupstream service flows. RTPS is generally analogous to NRTPS, exceptthat the fixed polling interval is contracted. In RTPS, requestopportunities that meet the service flows' real-time needs can beselected, and the cable modem may specify the size of the desired grant.QoS parameters for RTPS may include Request Transmission Policy, MaximumSustained Traffic Rate, Maximum Traffic Burst, Minimum Reserved TrafficRate, Assumed Minimum Reserved-Traffic-Rate Packet Size, Nominal PollingInterval, and Tolerated Poll Jitter.

Under the Unsolicited grant service (UGS), upstream service flowsreceive a fixed-size grant at fixed intervals without additional pollingor interaction. Thus, UGS eliminates much of the overhead associatedwith the polling flow types described above. QoS parameters may includeRequest Transmission Policy, Unsolicited Grant Size, Grants perInterval, Nominal Grant Interval, and Tolerated Grant Jitter.

Unsolicited grant service with activity detection (UGS-AD) is hybrid ofthe UGS and RTPS scheduling types. When there is activity, the CMTSsends unsolicited fixed grants at fixed intervals to the CM(s).Conversely, when there is no activity, the CMTS sends unicast pollrequests to the CM(s) so as to conserve bandwidth. QoS parameters forUGS-AD may include Request Transmission Policy, Nominal PollingInterval, Tolerated Poll Jitter, Unsolicited Grant Size, Grants perInterval, Nominal Grant Interval, and Tolerated Grant Jitter.

For downstream service flows, a similar set of QoS parameters that areassociated with the best-effort scheduling type on upstream serviceflows is utilized. QoS parameters for the DS SFs may include TrafficPriority, Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate, Maximum Traffic Burst, MinimumReserved Traffic Rate, Assumed Minimum Reserved-Traffic-Rate PacketSize, and Maximum Latency.

Additionally, in e.g., DOCSIS 3.1 contexts (and even some DOCSIS 3.0installations which have been retrofitted), so-called Active QueueManagement (AQM) may be applied in order to facilitate upstream packetqueue management. At a high level, during AQM, the CM and CMTS monitorhow full their buffers are getting, and as soon as they detect that theTCP (transport control protocol, the transport layer protocol used inconjunction with IP) is keeping the buffer full (or over-full), packetsare selectively dropped in order to signal TCP that it needs to reduceflow (i.e., so that lower buffer levels can be maintained). Oneimplementation of AQM is detailed in RFC 8034 (including the so-called“PIE” (proportional integral enhanced active queue management)algorithms, the foregoing incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety.

Hence, in totality, extant DOCSIS protocols may, depending onconfiguration and functionality selected (i) significantly (andunacceptably) delay attach or similar time-sensitive traffic in theupstream, and (ii) may completely drop some or all of the attach packetsdestined for the EPC/5GC.

Returning to FIG. 2 , when the CMTS does receive some or all of theattach packets, they are routed via e.g., the MSO backbone or othernetworks (internal and/or external) to the 3GPP core functions targetedby the UE/xNB (step 209). Per step 211, if the packets happen to meetmaximum latency limits, then the attachment process may continue perstep 15. Alternatively, if the limits are not met, the attachmentprocedure is truncated and the UE request rejected (step 215).

It will be appreciated that FIG. 2 is somewhat of a simplifiedrepresentation of the actual operations and steps; for instance, data istransacted multiple times between UE and xNB during RACH and connection,and between the xNB and the core during attachment, and hence there maybe multiple opportunities for attachment failure during such processes.

With the foregoing as a backdrop, the exemplary methods of providingenhanced connectivity and reduced latency according to the presentdisclosure are now described with respect to FIG. 3 .

As shown in FIG. 3 , the method 300 begins with the base station (e.g.,enhanced CBSD or CBSDe) designating or “marking up” IP packets beingtransmitted upstream to the serving cable modem (CMe). These packets maybe packets resulting from a UE synchronization or attach process, orother packets from another device or process. In one variant, the headerof each packet is annotated by the Packet Manager (PM) process,described subsequently herein, to include a field (e.g., one or two bitswithin a reserved or other unused portion of the IP packet headerstructure(s) specified in RFC 2474) which designates the traffic asbeing sourced from a wireless base station.

Per step 303, the receiving CMe (via its indigenous packet managementlogic, described below) reads the header and identifies the packet asbeing sourced from a base station. The packet is then in one embodiment“differentially handled” relative to other (non-BS) packets the CMe mayreceive and transmitted to the CMTSe; for instance, it may bespecifically routed via a prescribed pre-existing service flow (e.g.,see the upstream “Primary Service Flow” set forth in the DOCSIS 3.1Standard “Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications—DOCSIS® 3.1”CM-SP-CM-OSSIv3.1411-171220, incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety), or to a designated port/socket or other target associatedwith the CMTSe. Depending on when (relative to UE synchronization andattach procedures) the packets are received and transmitted to theCMTSe, and prior operations of the xNBe, one or more special serviceflows may or may not then exist.

Per step 305, the CMTSe causes the CMe to establish a new service flow(e.g., BS_SYN for synchronization and BS_ATTACH for attachment) if notalready established. This is accomplished using e.g., normal DOCSIS3.0/3.1 service flow establishment mechanisms in one embodiment. As abrief aside, a DOCSIS service flow is defined as a “MAC-layer transportservice which provides unidirectional transport of packets from theupper layer service entity to the RF and shapes, polices, andprioritizes traffic according to QoS traffic parameters defined for theFlow.” Hence, in one embodiment, the new service flows such as BS_SYNand BS-ATTACH are established as one or more MAC-layer unidirectionalpacket services consistent with the above DOCSIS 3.1 definition,although service flows of other types may be used consistent with thepresent disclosure. For instance, a BS_ATTACH service flow may becomprises of two unidirectional flows (i.e., one DS and one US) ifdesired. As noted previously since congestion and “best efforts”primarily affects the US latency, a single or multiple (US) SF may alsobe established, with no prioritized DS SF established since latency ispresumed low in that direction.

In one embodiment, the new BS_SYN service flow is configured to both (i)utilize its own queue apart from any other service flows, and (ii) avoidor bypass AQM processes such as PIE which may selectively drop packetsout of the queue under e.g., full or overflow conditions, as previouslydescribed. These two features help ensure both uncongested BS_SYNservice flow (i.e., only BS-originated packets are handled, and of thosehandled none are intentionally dropped).

In some variants, packets originated from the base station and marked assuch are marked (and treated) generically, regardless of particular typeof data being carried. For example, all control plane data may beincluded within packets marked as originating from the base station, butnot specifically described as to the type of payload being carried.Alternatively, such data may be segregated or carried in adifferentiated manner, such as data relating to 3GPP core attachment(e.g., the last RRC message as described supra) identified differentlyin some regard as compared to other control plane data, such as via oneor more bits within the designation header field indicating base stationtraffic. Similarly, user plane data can be differentiated from controlplane data, as described in greater detail subsequently herein.

Moreover, per DOCSIS 3.1 mechanisms, the established BS_SYN service flowcan have a set of QoS parameters associated therewith, which can beselected to ensure that 3GPP attach procedure latency limits arerespected (at least within the MSO's DOCSIS plant).

Returning again to FIG. 3 , at steps 307 and 308 of the method 300, a UEat some later time (i.e., after the BS_SYN service flow has beenestablished) commences a RACH/connect/attach sequence as previouslydescribed, including attempt to attach to the EPC/5GC (e.g., MME), viathe CBSDe. As above, the CBSDe PM generates an IP packet with modifiedheader) containing the attachment request payload, and sends it upstreamto the CMe. The CMe reads the modified header, and determines that thepacket is “base station” originated (note that the CMe may also havenon-BS devices connected to it in tandem with the CBSDe), and queues thepacket(s) containing the attach request payload within the queueassociated with the new BS_SYN service flow (i.e., for prioritizedtreatment). As noted above, the packets (i) will not be subject to “bestefforts” request/response or AQM processes, and (ii) may have requisiteQoS parameters applied, and hence should propagate to the CMTSe (onaverage) per step 309 much more rapidly than normal “best efforts” USpackets, especially in congested upstream environments.

Per step 311, the CMTSe receives the prioritized attach packets androutes them to the relevant core process (which in some embodiments—seeFIG. 7 —may be disposed within the MSO infrastructure and evenco-located with the CMTSe, thereby effectively assuring no significantadditional delays in reaching the EPC/5GC element). In some cases, whereexternal networks are used (and the EPC/5GC is located a great distancetopologically speaking from the CMTSe), additional routing mechanismsmay be employed by such external networks to assure that, once suchpackets are out of the MSO DOCSIS system, they are treated with at leastsome level of prioritization or expedited routing to the necessary 3GPPcore functions. For instance, in one variant, packet header inspectionis used to identify and selectively route the BS-originated packets totheir destination.

Lastly, the UE and core negotiate the attachment per 3GPP protocols (andusing the established service flow(s) for at least subsequent UE/CBSDetransmissions/responses) per step 313, and the UE is ultimately attachedto the core (including subsequent packet data session establishment) atstep 315. Notably, the CMTSe may, where desired, established anotherservice flow (e.g., BS_DATA) such that user-plane traffic can beprioritized via a dedicated service flow in addition to theaforementioned prioritization during UE attachment.

It will be appreciated that the scope and/or duration of prioritizationmay be varied depending on e.g., operational scenario, network loading,and/or other factors. For instance, in some cases, only networkattachment functions are prioritized; once the attachment is completed,the session established pursuant to the attachment may be reverted tonon-prioritized (e.g., “best efforts”) packet management by the DOCSISsystem, especially in cases of very high US data load. As such, a userwill at least avoid failed connection attempts, albeit with subsequentlylower quality session (user plane) service. Alternatively, theprioritization may be applied across all NAS and UP functions (e.g., allaspects of attachment and session conduct are run through prioritizedservice flows). As yet another alternative, the foregoing user planeprioritization may expire after a prescribed “honeymoon” period ofconnection. “Fairness” algorithms may also be applied by the CMTSe/CMeto UP data after attachment. Myriad other such scenarios will berecognized by those of ordinary skill given the present disclosure.

It will also be appreciated that various embodiments may be configuredto utilize prioritization in the DS (i.e., from the CMTSe to CMe toCBSDe to UE) as well as US. However, in most DOCSIS networks, DSavailable bandwidth is much higher, and latency typically very low(owing in part to different service flow and MAC protocol usage), suchthat potentially attachment-failing delays which may be encountered onthe upstream may not occur.

It is also noted that depending on configuration, the CMTSe may applyvarying rules regarding service flow instantiation and tear-down for agiven base station/CMe based on factors such as network congestion. Asdiscussed in the examples above, one scenario for instantiating specialservice flows for the base station occurs when a UE attempts tosynchronize and connect with the base station and attach to the core. Ifthe prioritized service flow(s) is/are not established at that point,the UE's “first try” can be used as a trigger for such establishment ofthe flow(s) by the CMTSe; thereafter, subsequent attempts by the UE (oranother UE), at least for a period of time at attachment will encounteralready established flows. However, in that perpetual maintenance ofe.g., the SYN flow in effect “costs” the wireline system resources (thecontrol plane packet payload is small and intermittent, but maintainingthe service flow active may divert resources away from other CMs on thenetwork by unnecessarily consuming one of a limited number of flows thatcan be established by the CMTSe), algorithms within the CMTSe can insome embodiments cause the CMTSe to selectively tear down existingprioritized service flows when certain criteria are met, such as e.g.,(i) a high degree of network congestion or demand, (ii) reaching theCMTSe's limit on a maximum number of service flows, and/or (ii)inactivity on any of the flows associated with a given CMe/B S.

Moreover, a given UE and CBSDe/xNBe may be requesting attachment at atime when, even if no prioritized service flow pre-exists, congestionand latency are sufficiently low such that attachment may successfullyoccur even with no prioritized treatment (i.e., using DOCSIS bestefforts). Hence, some models of the CMTSe logic described herein mayrely on data gleaned directly or indirectly from the CMe (or from thexNBe) to determine when and under what conditions prioritized serviceflows should be established/torn down. For instance, an xNBe/CMe strandwhich indicates frequent attachment by UEs (especially two or moredifferent ones) over time may be indicative of a relative “hot spot”,and as such the CMTSe logic may decide that it is worth the resourceinvestment to maintain one or more prioritized service flows associatedwith that xNBe/CMe active on a constant basis. Conversely, low-activitycells/CMe such as where a single user only intermittently attaches tothe core can be subject to one or more of the criteria stated above,such as tear-down of any prioritized flows after a given period of time,given period of no activity, etc. Service Level Agreement (SLA) orsubscription tier may also be utilized as at least one input to theCMTSe logic. For example, where a given CMe is associated with a “Gold”level subscriber of the MSO (e.g., the CMe MAC address or IP address iscorrelated to a Gold level subscription), that CMe and any CBSDe/xNBeattached thereto might be given more persistent service flows (whetherfor SYN flow only, or also for user data plane traffic as previouslydescribed) for the xNBe as compared to a lower-tier subscriber/CMe.

Yet other scenarios may dictate different treatment, such as where everyCMe maintains an active prioritized SYN service flow only with itsparent CMTSe, so as to support high reliability (such as for 911 orsimilar emergency calls or services). As referenced elsewhere herein,certain IoT-based applications may also dictate a constant/reliableservice flow (albeit with low payload data). In one such embodiment, theIoT device may “piggy back” on the SYN service flow that is maintainedfor a UE of the premises. For instance, the IoT base station (e.g.,operating using an IEEE 802.15.4, BLE, or other such air interface) maymark its user plane/payload packets transmitted to a connected CMe as“base station” packets (e.g., SYN) packets that are transmitted using anestablished SYN service flow; since the IoT payloads are so smallrelative to normal UE user plane traffic such as video or data files,the control plane pathways established for the UE's use are more thanadequate to support low-frequency, intermittent UP data issued by theIoT base station. It will also be appreciated that the establishment ofservice flows (e.g., by the CMTSe between itself and a CMe) can beconducted according to various schemes, including in a sequential orstepped fashion based on occurrence of certain events. For instance, inone variant, the CMTSe creates the three different service flowsspecific to base station traffic (SYN, ATTACH and DATA) in that order.The first-established SYN SF has the highest priority, has its own queuein the CMe, and it is not mixed with other traffic. Moreover, no queuedSYN packets are allowed to be dropped because of buffer overflow or AQMfunctions. Once the CMTSe starts receiving actual SYN packets via theSYN service flow, the CMTSe enables the ATTACH service flow, and willdirect the CMe to enable this service flow as well. Likewise, after theCMTSe receives any ATTACH queued traffic from the CMe, the DATA serviceflow is lastly enabled, and any user traffic will use this service flowin both in downlink and uplink.

FIG. 3A is a logical flow diagram illustrating one implementation of theCMe packet identification process of FIG. 3 . As shown, in oneimplementation of step 303 of FIG. 3 , the CMe first receives the markedor designated IP packets from the CBSDe per step 321.

Next, at step 323, the packet header(s) is/are examined, and the BSidentification/association field is read.

Per step 325, the packets are then transmitted to the CMTSe (with CMTSeACK per step 327) using normal DOCSIS flows, such as e.g., “bestefforts” approaches as previously described. It will be recognized thatin this embodiment, the CMTSe is being “primed” by the CMe to recognizethat a BS (e.g., CBSDe) is attached to that CMe, and as such if noUE/FWA connection is imminent, this priming can take place at normalDOCSIS upstream latency. Moreover, some of these packets may be droppedby AQM, but if the CMe sends several of them (i.e., marks every US IPtraffic packet with a BS association field), one is bound to get throughand be flagged by the CMTSe for purposes of identifying “BS attached.”

FIG. 3B is a logical flow diagram illustrating one implementation of theCBSDe attach packet receipt identification process of FIG. 3 . As shown,in one implementation of step 308 of FIG. 3 , the CBSDe first receivesthe UE attach packets (e.g., in the form of NAS attach request payloadwithin the RRC Connection Setup Complete message) per step 331.

Per step 333, the CBSDe generates IP packets encapsulating theattachment request (i.e., in the form of an S1AP Attach Request and PDNConnection Request) within IP packets which have a marked headerindicating BS association. Other data such as the 3GPP TAI and EGCI mayalso be included.

Lastly, per step 335 m the CBSDe transmits the IP packets (via TCP) tothe CMe, such as to a target port or socket, for queuing within theapplicable service flow (e.g., BS_SYN).

As previously alluded to, either (or both) explicit or implicit packettype designations can be utilized consistent with the presentdisclosure. In one such approach, the packets (e.g., IP header) areexplicitly designated with a differentiated type designation indicatinge.g., that the packet is a SYN, ATTACH, or DATA packet. In anotherapproach, the packet types are implicitly determined based on addressrouting (e.g., those targeted by the CBSDe/xNBe for a particular port orsocket of the CMTSe are known to be of a first type, those targeted foranother port/socket another type, and so forth).

FIG. 3C is a logical flow diagram illustrating one implementation of theCMe attach packet receipt and queueing process of FIG. 3 . As shown, inone implementation of step 309 of FIG. 3 , the CMe first receives the UEattach IP packets from the CBSDe (see step 335 discussed above) per step337.

Next, at step 339, the received packets are queued in thelow-latency/prioritized queue (e.g., for BS_SYN), which bypasses all AQMand packet drop algorithms such as via exclusion of the queue from thescope of AQM.

Per step 341, the queued packets are transmitted to the CMTSe using thedesignated service flow, and receipt is acknowledged per step 343.

During the transmission process, per step 349, the CMe monitors thetransmission queue (e.g., for fill level, fill rate, and/or otherparameters) to detect current or incipient overflow condition, andcompensates as needed (see FIG. 3E).

FIG. 3D is a logical flow diagram illustrating one implementation of theCMTSe packet identification and flow establishment process of FIG. 3 .As shown, in one implementation of step 305 of FIG. 3 , the CMSTe firstreceives the marked or designated IP packets from the CMe per step 351.These may have been transmitted using normal upstream “best efforts”flows (e.g., when the CMSTe is being “primed” as previously described),or via an established prioritized service flow such as BS_SYN after theCMTSe has been made aware of the presence of the attached BS for thegiven CMe. It will also be recognized that where the CMTSe designates aparticular mechanism or modality for receipt of BS-originated packets(e.g., at a particular port or socket), packet header inspection forbase station association may be obviated because it is assumed that onlyBS-associated packets will utilize that mechanism.

Per step 353, the received packets are examined to identify base stationassociation, and per step 355 the CMTSe responsively established one ormore prioritized service flows (or additional service flows, dependingon context) with the CMe.

FIG. 3E is a logical flow diagram illustrating one implementation of theCMe queue monitoring and management process of FIG. 3 . As shown, in oneimplementation of step 349 of FIG. 3C, the CMe first monitors the BS-SYNqueue depth (and/or fill rate) per step 361. If the queue is overflowing(or projected to overflow based on rate) per step 363, the CMe signalsthe CMTse to request increase of the MCS (modulation and coding scheme)used for servicing the prioritized service flow queue. For instance, aspreviously discussed, DOCSIS 3.1 (and 4.0) support many higher-order MCSvalues, such as 4096-QAM. Hence, if the queue is in danger of overflowusing e.g., 256-QAM as previously negotiated or defaulted to, the CMeand CMTSe can negotiate a higher rate to “drain” the queue per steps 367and 369. As above the packets are not subject to AQM.

When the queue is sufficiently drained, the CMTSe and CMe can negotiatea lower rate per step 371, such as return to the prior value, oralternatively a next-highest or other rate which can be selected inorder to mitigate the recurrence of the overflow (at least ostensibly).For example, based on rate-of-fill or other data, the algorithm mayselect a target rate during re-negotiation which would keep the bufferlevel or depleting.

FIG. 4 is a logical flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a methodfor DL packet processing via the improved DOCSIS infrastructure of thepresent disclosure. In this method 400, the DL (in addition to the UL)is managed for latency, such as in cases where DS congestion or latencymay also exist (albeit much more unlikely than upstreamcongestion/latency). While less likely, latency on the DL may alsotrigger connection/attachment issues, since several UL and DL messagesare exchanged during normal 3GPP attachment protocols, such as forauthentication.

Per step 401 of the method 400, the CMTSe receives DL IP packets to berouted to the CMe associated with the target CBSDe/UE. At step 403, theCMTSe inspects the packet headers for identifying information that wouldindicate that the packet is destined for a base station, such as an IDuniquely associated with the CBSDe or a process operative to executethereon. Unlike the upstream case, the network process issuing the DLpacket (e.g., an EPC issuing an attach response, authenticationresponse, etc.) will typically not be configured to make packets asdestined for a BS, since the core/EPC protocols do not require such. Ifthe EPC/5GC is MSO-maintained, such DL marking may be implemented, butgenerally will not be available in other circumstances. As such, theCMTSe must inspect the packets for information which uniquely identifiesequipment on a particular cable “strand” (e.g., the CMe, or the CBSDeconnected thereto, or even the UE connected to that CBSDe). Hence, inone variant, a PCI or other 3GPP identifier uniquely associated withthat CBSDe, or an IP address assigned to that CBSDe, can be “sniffed” bythe CMTSe via e.g., packet inspection algorithms or an addresscorrelation algorithm to determine that the traffic is going to a givenCBSDe, and accordingly should be assigned to an extant service flow(e.g., BS_SYN or BS_ATTACH) associated with the CMe serving that device(step 405).

Per step 407, the target CMe receives the packets via the BS XXX (e.g.,SYN or ATTACH) SF, and transmits to a target port or socket on theCBSDe, wherein the packet data is then provided to the target UE via theair interface (PHY) between the CBSDe and UE/FWA.

FIG. 5 is a logical flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a methodfor end-to-end call session processing via the improved DOCSISinfrastructure of the present disclosure. In this method 500, twosession endpoints (e.g., two callers on a VoIP call) are each served byan MSO-based core function, as well as respective CMe's. As such, theMSO is uniquely positioned to control the conduct of the interveningDOCSIS systems for both call setup and call conduct (i.e., user planedata in both UL and DL for each participant can be controlled, such asto maximize call quality).

Per step 501, a given caller device (e.g., mobile UE) performs 3GPP RACHand connection procedures with its serving CBSDe.

Per step 503, the CBSDe marks the e.g., attach packets as previouslydescribed, and transmits them to its corresponding CMe.

Per step 505, the receiving CMe inspects the packet headers (orotherwise identifies the packets as having BS association such as viaport/socket/flow received over), and transmits them to its serving CMTSe(which may be the same one used by the other call participant, orother).

Per step 507, the CMTSe establishes one or more prioritized serviceflows with the originating CMe (CMe1), now recognizing that a BS isattached to CMe1.

Per step 509, the UE and core negotiate attachment and one or morepacket data sessions using the created prioritized service flow(s), andthe UE is ultimately attached to core and a session created.

Per step 511, which may be concurrent with step 509, the core alsoidentifies the target IP address for the session as being within theMSO's service domain, and accordingly causes the CMTSe (here, assumed tobe the same CMTSe for simple illustration) to establish one or moreprioritized service flows with the recipient CMe (CMe2) per step 513. Assuch, both CMTSe/CMe “legs” of the call or session are conducted underprioritized service flows (which notably may be homogenous orheterogeneous in nature and configuration).

Lastly. Per step 515, the user plane (UP) data is transacted via one ormore prioritized flows (e.g., BS_DATA) for each of the CMe (CMe1 andCMe2).

Notably, the foregoing example can apply to a variety of different callor session models. For instance, CMe2 may be backhauling a third partyapp server, while CMe1 is backhauling a BS that is connecting a UErunning an IP session-based app (e.g., WhatsApp as previouslydiscussed). Connection timeout or other such requirements may exist, andhence prioritized treatment within the DOCSIS domain in required,especially under very heavy congestion environments.

Moreover, it will be appreciated that the foregoing methodologies ingeneral can be applied to any time-sensitive connection or transactionrequirement scenario. For instance, online tokenization environments(such as for debit or credit card payment) may utilize stringent timingrequirements for e.g., useable “lifetimes” of tokens, access to tokenvaults, etc. Such applications are not necessarily used over a mobiledevice such as a 3GPP UE and associated xNB, and hence even non-BSapplications connected to CMe can benefit from the methods and apparatusdescribed herein.

Similarly, in other variants, base stations or other access nodesserving IoT applications may be configured consistent with the aboveapproaches to enable selective establishment of service flows in supportof critical IoT functions, or for other purposes. For instance, awireless node backhauled by a DOCSIS system might be optimized forprioritized service flow for its UP data, and/or connectivity, based onthe particular application. Many IoT sensors or other devices arebattery-powered devices, and repeated failed connection attempts canrapidly drain such devices of energy. Similarly, if data retransmissions(such as via ARQ or other mechanisms based on ACK/NACK) or notsuccessfully completed due to e.g., upstream latency within the DOCSISsystem during congestion, then critical data (e.g., security relateddata) might be unacceptably delayed in reaching its designated targetaddress (e.g., an IP address of a third party IoT server or the like).As such, one variant of the methodology allocates the access node (viaits backhauling CMe) one or more prioritized UP data service flows for aprescribed period of time so as to enable complete data uplinktransmission without undue delay, retransmission requests, etc., afterwhich the service flow can be surrendered by the CMe (e.g., based onsignaling from the IoT device or access node that data transmission iscomplete).

Network Architectures—

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating one exemplary embodiment ofnetwork configuration with enhanced base station connectivityfunctionality according to the present disclosure.

As a brief aside, the so-called modular headend architecture (MHA; seee.g. CableLabs Technical Report CM-TR-MHA-V02-081209, which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety) essentially separatesthe downstream PHY layer out of the CMTS, and move it to a separate EQAMdevice. In this architecture, the CMTS transmits data to the EQAM viathe Downstream External PHY Interface (DEPI). This architecture wasintroduced in order to reuse EQAM to modulate both the data bits as MPEGvideo bits. The upstream receiver is kept in the CMTS in the MHA.

In contrast, another architecture used in implementing headend platformsis the Converged Cable Access Platform (CCAP). In order to increaseefficiency, the CCAP integrates the EQAM and CMTS into one platform. Inaddition, in the CCAP, all the downstream traffic, including DOCSIS andvideo QAMs are transmitted in a single port. The CCAP unifies the CMTS,switching, routing, and QAM modulator in one unit, so that all data andvideo are converted in IP packets before conversion to RF signals.

The Remote PHY technology, also known as Modular Headend ArchitectureVersion 2 (MHAV2), removes the PHY from the CMTS/CCAP platform andplaces it in a separate access point that is interconnected with an IPnetwork. One common location to place the remote PHY is the optical nodethat is located at the junction of the fiber and coax cable networks.

In the MHAV2 architecture, the CCAP includes two separate components,CCAP core and the Remote PHY Device (RPD). The CCAP core contains a CMTScore for DOCSIS, and an EQAM core for video. The CMTS core contains theDOCSIS MAC, upper layer DOCSIS protocols, all signaling functions,downstream and upstream scheduling. The EQAM core processes all thevideo processing. Similarly, an RMD (generally analogous to the RPD, butcontaining the DOCSIS MAC, also colloquially referred to a s a “FlexMAC”) is also specified; see e.g., CableLabs Technical Re4portCM-TR-R-MACPHY-V01-150730, which is incorporated herein by reference inits entirety.

The RPD/RMD processes all the PHY related function, such as downstreamQAM modulators, upstream QAM demodulators, upstream coders, downstreamdecoders, filtering, time and frequency synchronization, as well as thelogic to connect to the CCAP core. One motivation for using suchapproaches as RPD/RMD is the ability to obviate analog fiber componentsbetween the headend and optical nodes, and rather utilize digitaloptical PHY and interfaces thereby enhancing quality at the nodes.

Hence, it will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill given the presentdisclosure that the exemplary network architectures described below withrespect to FIGS. 6-8 may be readily adapted to any of the foregoingmodels or paradigms (e.g., MHA, MHAv2, etc.), and yet otherconfigurations are possible, those of FIGS. 6-8 being merelynon-limiting examples.

FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram illustrating a first exemplaryconfiguration of an HFC network architecture apparatus according to thepresent disclosure, with enhanced CMTS (CMTSe) and EQAMs located at acable system headend 602. This embodiment leverages existingarchitectures which utilize a headend-based CMTS and EQAM, yet withfurther expansion of CMTS capabilities. Specifically, as described indetail subsequently herein, the enhanced CMTSe 603 shown includesadditional logic which supports the prioritization and latency reductionfunctions described herein.

As shown, the architecture 600 of FIG. 6 includes the CMTSe 603, as wellas switch logic that interfaces the CMTSe with one (or more) EQAMs 105.Output of the EQAMs is combined with video and other signals, and thecombined (optical domain) signal transmitted downstream via opticalfiber to one or more nodes within the HFC topology (not shown in FIG. 6) for ultimate delivery to CMe devices 625 for use by premises CPE (suchas e.g., CBSDe devices 631, Wi-Fi-enabled routers, PCs, gateways, orother devices) within the served premises. UE 139 and FWA 143 may beserved by the CBSDe devices at each premises as shown. For instance, inone model, the CBSDe 631 is disposed on a building rooftop, and mobileusers can access the CBSDe via e.g., CBRS-band spectrum. In anothermodel, the CBSDe is a high power (CAT. A) CBRS device which is used as awireless backhaul for a number of FWA devices 143 (effectively fixed3GPP UE that service e.g., residential premises). Many other models arepossible.

In the embodiment of FIG. 6 , the MSO domain is interfaced with anexternal MNO domain via the MSO backbone 151, such as where anMNO-operated EPC/5GC 653 which also services MNO cells (cellular xNBs)and small cells 627 is the cognizant core for the MSO domain users.

FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram illustrating a second exemplaryconfiguration of an HFC network architecture apparatus according to thepresent disclosure, with enhanced CMTS (CMTSe) 603 co-located (at leasttopologically) with an MSO-based core 751. In this model, the MSO domaincontains all necessary components for e.g., UE attach procedures andpacket session establishment, and any MNO based networks and theirEPC/5GC infrastructure (not shown) are considered external. In that theUE's 139 are associated with MSO subscriber premises and subscriptions,and the core infrastructure is part of this “home” network, significanteconomies can be realized, as well as reduced latencies associated withnetwork attachment and session management, since the MSO maintainscontrol of all relevant processes (including timing delays which mayotherwise be induced by external operator's equipment over which the MSOhas no control).

In contrast, in the embodiment of FIG. 6 previously discussed, thearchitecture 600 is divided among two or more entities, such as an MNOand an MSO. As shown, the MSO service domain extends only to the CBSDeand served premises and the MSO core functions, while other functionssuch as 3GPP EPC/E-UTRAN or 5GC and NG-RAN functionality is provided byone or more MNO networks operated by MNOs with which the MSO has aservice agreement.

In some embodiments, the architectures shown above may also include anMSO-managed and operated VoIP server which acts in effect as anequivalent of the 3GPP core for “cellular” calls; the server managesuser/device authentication, call routing, etc. roughly analogous to themore sophisticated 3GPP procedures, and may likewise include timing andlatency requirements, including for user plane data so as to avoid call“jerkiness” or temporal artifact during VoIP calls. It will berecognized that a 3GPP UE 139 might also have a VoIP stack operativethereon, such that the UE can utilize the VoIP server (not shown) via anestablished IP session (whether via a Wi-Fi connection to an AP which isbackhauled by the CMe, or via a 3GPP NR-U or CBRS session conducted viathe CBSDe). To this end, the present disclosure envisions that othertypes of access devices with stringent timing or other requirements maybe configured similar to the CBSDe described in greater detail below.For instance, a Wi-Fi 802.11ax (“6”) AP may be enhanced with IP packetmarking capability such that a VoIP call conducted using a user's PC orlaptop with microphone and headset is “prioritized” in one manner oranother, whether at the network/control plane or user data plane, bycongested CMe/CMTSe, such as during an emergency 911 call.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating yet another exemplary embodimentof network configuration with enhanced base station connectivityfunctionality according to the present disclosure, wherein anetwork-based baseband processing functionality is utilized. In thisarchitecture 800, the xNBe/CBSDe functionality is partitioned into anrCBSDe (reduced-profile CBSDe) 831 and a BBU (baseband processing unit)805 as shown. The rCBSDe devices include antennae and RF front endprocessing (as well as packet generation and encapsulation functions),while the BBU 805 is configured to perform baseband processing of thepacketized data for two or more rCBSDes 831 in support of e.g., thewireless protocols used by the rCBSDe(s) 831.

The BBU 805 is in the illustrated embodiment disposed at a networkdistribution node of the HFC infrastructure, although it can be locatedat other points in the network as well (such as at the headend, andco-located with the CMTSe 603).

In one implementation, the BBU 805 operates to receive data originatedby the rCBSDe devices 831 and transmitted over the wireline PHY betweenthe CMe and the CMTSe. For instance, in one such approach, each rCBSDe831 includes sufficient processing to receive wireless signals from a UEor FWA (i.e., according to 3GPP protocols) such as relating to controlplane functions including synchronization and/or RRC connection andattachment by a UE, and packetize the control plane data into Layer 2/3packets for transmission to the BBU 805 via the wireline backhaul. Forexample, the rCBSDe can generate IP packets which can be designated aspreviously described (e.g., explicitly as SYN packets), and passed tothe BBU 805 via a prioritized service flow between the CMTSe and the CMeassociated with the rCBSDe, with the CMe queuing the packets in theappropriate service flow buffer(s) based on the detected type in e.g.,the IP header. Likewise, in another variant, the 3GPP control plane datacan be encapsulated in Ethernet or MAC frames, designated or marked, androuted according to such protocols, including to the BBU 805.

In one variant, the BBU 805 includes necessary modem(s) forcommunication on the wireline PHY (e.g., DOCSIS compatible modemcapability in US and DS directions), and can be a logical endpoint forthe packets generated by the rCBSDe(s) 831. For instance, the BBU mayact effectively as a pass-through for data packets between the CMTSe andthe CMe, with the exception of packets addressed to the BBU as anendpoint (i.e., in the US direction), or for the rCBSDe or a UE attachedthereto (in the DS direction).

CMTSe Apparatus

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating one exemplary embodiment ofnetwork converged headend and remote PHY device (RPD) architecture 900with enhanced CMTS and connectivity functionality according to thepresent disclosure. In the Remote PHY (R-PHY) architecture, which is adistributed access architecture, the PHY layer is moved from CMTSe(headend) to the fiber nodes within the HFC network. By decreasing thedistance to client device, the R-PHY can achieve higher bandwidth andthroughput than a modular or integrated CCAP architecture, and hence titcan provide higher bandwidth and throughput. It will be appreciatedhowever that non RPD/RMD based variants may be used as well consistentwith the present disclosure, such as via the modular CCAP or integratedCCAP architectures. In such architectures, the PHY and MAC layers areimplemented in the headend.

As illustrated, the architecture 900 includes one CMTSe module 603physically located at the headend, and one or more R-PHY modulesphysically located at fiber nodes. The CMTSe device 603 includes aprocessor 905, modem 907 (which may be integrated in the CPU 905, orimplemented as a separate processor or ASIC as shown), RF front end 919,downstream MAC 911, upstream MAC 913, upstream PHY 917, RF front end918, memory 909, and SFM logic 936 integrated in memory module 909.Additionally, the exemplary embodiment 900 includes a network interface903 that interfaces CMTSe 603 to connect to a data network (e.g., MSObackbone and/or other network as described in FIGS. 6-8 ).

The components of the CMTSe device 603 shown in FIG. 9 may beindividually or partially implemented in software, firmware or hardware.

In the exemplary embodiment, the processor(s) 905, 907 may include oneor more of a digital signal processor, microprocessor,field-programmable gate array, GPU, or plurality of processingcomponents mounted on one or more substrates. The processor may alsocomprise an internal cache memory, and is in communication with a memorysubsystem 909, which can comprise, e.g., SRAM, flash and/or SDRAMcomponents. The memory subsystem may implement one or more of DMA typehardware, so as to facilitate data accesses as is well known in the art.The memory subsystem of the exemplary embodiment containscomputer-executable instructions which are executable by theprocessor(s) 905, 907.

The downstream MAC 911 adds overhead (e.g., MAC address, AutomaticRepeat request (ARQ)) to data, and divides the date stream into MACframes. Likewise, an US MAC 913 is provided for data traffic sent frome.g., the CMe(s).

The SFM logic 936, among other functions, identifies the transmittedpackets from the CBSDe 631 (via the CMe 625), reads the header fields todetermine the packet type (e.g., BS associated), and allocates therequired service flows and resources to the serving CMe. Also, dependingon the type of the received packet from the CMe, the CMTSe 603prioritizes the various service flows. As described previously, in oneembodiment the highest priority is assigned to the “BS_SYN” service flowthrough which “attach” packets are routed so as to preventlatency-induced timeouts.

In the RPD, the Edge QAM/Downstream PHY module 915 receives the MAC datafrom the module 911, adds redundancy (e.g., Forward Error Control Coding(FEC)) to the data, and converts the data to PHY layer data and videosignals (e.g., 16-QAM, 256-QAM). The D/A device 916 converts the digitalreceived signal from module 915, and converts it to analog signal to beconverted to RF signals by RF front end unit 919. The A/D module 918receives the analog baseband signals from RF front end unit 919, andconverts it to digital signal. The upstream PHY module 917 converts thereceived base baseband signal constellation to data bits. The data bitsfrom PHY module 917 are divided in MAC frames by upstream MAC module913, and decoded by modem IM 907.

The RF front end 919 includes RF circuits to operate in e.g. DOCSIS 3.1or 4.0 supported frequency spectrum (5-42 MHz upstream, 43-366 MHz VOD,SVD, broadcast channels, 367-750 MHz, 751 MHz-1.2 GHz downstream). Themodem 907 generates the upstream and downstream PHY/MACH control anddata, timing, and synchronization signals. The CPU 905 is the mainprocessing component in the CMTSe device 603; it generates the signal tocontrol other components in the CMTSe 603 and the network (including thevarious CMe to which it is connected), fetches and stores data frommemory 909, and generates the signals and commands for the networkinterface 903.

Base Station Apparatus—

FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating one exemplary embodiment of basestation (e.g., CBSDe) apparatus configured for provision of enhancedconnectivity according to the present disclosure.

As shown, the CBSDe 607 includes, inter alia, a processor apparatus orsubsystem 1045, a program memory module 1050, mass storage 1048, RPClogic 1006, one or more network interfaces 1056, as well as one or moreradio frequency (RF) devices 1031 having, inter alia, antenna(e) 1021and one or more 4G/5G radio(s).

At a high level, the CBSDe maintains in effect two “stacks”; (i) aCBRS-compliant stack for communication of the CBSDe (acting as aCBRS-compliant entity) with other CBRS entities such as SAS/DP,according to e.g., the Signaling Protocols and Procedures for CitizensBroadband Radio Service (CBRS): Spectrum Access System (SAS)—CitizensBroadband Radio Service Device (CBSD) Interface TechnicalSpecification—Document WINNF-TS-0016, Version V1.2.1. 3, January 2018,incorporated herein by reference in its entirety; and (ii) a3GPP-compliant LTE/LTE-A/5G NR “stack” (acting as a EUTRAN eNB or 5GgNB) communications with 3GPP-compliant UEs (mobile devices 139).

The PM logic 1051 manages the designation of IP packets within the CBSDeand transmission to the CMTSe 603 via the CMe 625. In this process, thePM logic 1051 adds a base station “identifier” or other designator inthe IP packet header that denotes the packet type and the base stationidentity (either generically or specifically as desired). In someembodiments, the PM 1051 may be configured to add additional marking oridentifiers to certain packets, so as to e.g., associate them with aparticular function or service flow established within the CMe. Forexample, packets containing 3GPP attach data as previously described maybe marked as “SYN” or “ATTACH” packets and based thereon, routed by theCMe to the appropriate queues associated with specific service flows.Alternatively, the PM 751 may simply address certain packets to certainsockets or ports within the CMe.

In the exemplary embodiment, the processor 1045 may include one or moreof a digital signal processor, microprocessor, field-programmable gatearray, GPU or plurality of processing components mounted on one or moresubstrates. The processor 1005 may also comprise an internal cachememory, and is in communication with a memory subsystem 1050, which cancomprise, e.g., SRAM, flash and/or SDRAM components. The memorysubsystem may implement one or more of DMA type hardware, so as tofacilitate data accesses as is well known in the art. The memorysubsystem of the exemplary embodiment contains computer-executableinstructions which are executable by the processor. Other embodimentsmay implement such functionality within dedicated hardware, logic,and/or specialized co-processors (not shown).

The RF antenna(s) 1021 are configured to detect and transceive signalsfrom radio access technologies (RATs) in the service area or venue withwhich the CBSDe is associated. For example, LTE (including, e.g., LTE,LTE-A, LTE-U, LTE-LAA) signals may be used as the basis of communicationbetween the CBSDe 631 and the various mobile devices (e.g., UEs 139) orFWA 143. The antenna(s) 1021 may include multiple spatially diverseindividual elements in e.g., a MIMO- or MISO-type configuration, suchthat spatial diversity of the transceived signals can be utilized.

In the exemplary embodiment, the radio interface(s) 1031 comprise one ormore LTE/5G-based radios compliant with 3GPP. Additional unlicensed,licensed, or quasi-licensed air interfaces may also be used within theCBSDe, including e.g., Wi-Fi, non-CBRS band LTE, 5G NR, or others.Moreover, the LTE radio functionality may be extended to incipient3GPP-based 5G NR protocols; e.g., at maturation of LTE deployment andwhen 5G NR-enabled handsets are fielded, such adaptation beingaccomplished by those of ordinary skill given the contents of thepresent disclosure. As a brief aside, NG-RAN or “NextGen RAN (Radio AreaNetwork)” is part of the 3GPP “5G” next generation radio system. 3GPP iscurrently specifying Release 16 NG-RAN, its components, and interactionsamong the involved nodes including so-called “gNBs” (next generationNode B's or eNBs). NG-RAN will provide very high-bandwidth, verylow-latency (e.g., on the order of 1 ms or less “round trip”) wirelesscommunication and efficiently utilize, depending on application, bothlicensed and unlicensed spectrum of the type described supra in a widevariety of deployment scenarios, including indoor “spot” use, urban“macro” (large cell) coverage, rural coverage, use in vehicles, and“smart” grids and structures. NG-RAN will also integrate with 4G/4.5Gsystems and infrastructure, and moreover new LTE entities are used(e.g., an “evolved” LTE eNB or “eLTE eNB” which supports connectivity toboth the EPC (Evolved Packet Core) and the NR “NGC” (Next GenerationCore). As such, 5G NR capable CBSDe may also find significant utility inprioritized scheduling of some IP packets within the DOCSIS backhaulsystem as described herein.

The RF radios 1031 in one embodiment comprises a digitally controlled RFtuner capable of reception of signals via the RF front end (receivechain) of the RF radio(s) in the aforementioned bands, including in onevariant simultaneous reception (e.g., both 2.300 to 2.500 and 3.550 to3.700 GHz bands at the same time).

CMe Apparatus—

FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating one exemplary embodiment of acable modem (CMe) apparatus 625 configured for provision of enhancedconnectivity according to the present disclosure.

At high level, the CMe apparatus 625 includes, inter alia, a processorapparatus 1105, a program memory module 1107, mass storage 1117, one ormore RF front ends 1109, 1110 for processing RF signals received andtransmitted over the coaxial “last mile” network, basebandprocessor/modem chipset 1115, as well as one or more network interfaces1103 such as, Gigabit Ethernet or other LAN/WLAN connectivity, supportof home or premises gateways, DSTBs, 3GPP small cells, etc. within thepremises, etc.

The RF modules 1109, 1110 include a heterodyne-basedtransmitter/receiver architecture generally symmetrical to thetransmitter/receiver of the enhanced CMTSe/node 413 discussedpreviously; i.e., impedance matching circuitry, diplexer,synchronization circuit, tilt, etc. are used as part of the CMe RF frontends, as well as RF tuner apparatus. The RF front ends are used toconvert the received signal from frequency bands (366-750 MHz and 750MHz-1.2 GHz) to baseband, and the inverse for transmission. A commonF1-type connector for interface between the coaxial network and RF frontend(s) is shown, although other approaches may be used as well.

Moreover, while two separate RF front ends 1110, 1109 are shown in thisembodiment, a single device covering the entirety of the desiredfrequency range may be used with generally equal success.

The network interface module 1103 may include for example GbEEthernet/WLAN/USB ports, which allows interface between the CMe moduleand premises devices such as CBSDe devices 631, WLAN routers, DSTBdevices, computers, etc., to support data interchange between the CMeand the device.

In the exemplary embodiment, the host processor (CPU) 1105 may includeone or more of a digital signal processor, microprocessor, GPU,field-programmable gate array, or plurality of processing componentsmounted on one or more substrates. The processor 1105 may also comprisean internal cache memory, and is in communication with a memorysubsystem 1107, which can comprise, e.g., SRAM, flash and/or SDRAMcomponents. The memory subsystem may implement one or more of DMA typehardware, so as to facilitate data accesses as is well known in the art.The memory subsystem of the exemplary embodiment containscomputer-executable instructions which are executable by the processor1105, including the OS and middleware 1113 (e.g., executing a Linux orother kernel).

The processor 1105 is configured to execute at least one computerprogram stored in memory 1107 (e.g., a non-transitory computer readablestorage medium); in the illustrated embodiment, such programs includelogic to implement the prioritized service flow management functionalitydescribed previously herein (including CM configuration file logic 1112,and SFM logic 1111 for upstream packet inspection and routing logic, aswell as coordinating with CMTSe logic for implementation and utilizationof the prioritized service flows, including maintaining service flow QoSparameters, target port/socket data, and other relevant data). Otherembodiments may implement such functionality within dedicated hardware,logic, and/or specialized co-processors or ASICs (not shown).

The CMe is further configured with que management (QM) logic 1114, whichis used to monitor and maintain service flow queue levels (e.g., for theBS_SYN dedicated queue) consistent with e.g., the method of FIG. 3Epreviously described herein.

The CMe logic also includes a hierarchy of software layers andcommunication protocols to enable RF carrier detection, reporting andsynchronization, communication with the CMTSe 603, interaction with PHYlayer and hardware, routing data from/to the HFC network, Layer 2/3functions, etc.

Exemplary Communications Flow—

FIG. 12 is a ladder diagram illustrating communication flow between UE,CBSDe, CMe, CMTSe, and network core according to one embodiment of thepresent disclosure. It will be appreciated that while described in thecontext of the exemplary architectures of FIGS. 6 and 7 , theillustrated flow is readily adapted to other architectures (such as thatof FIG. 8 herein) by one of ordinary skill given the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 12 , a UE 139 and the core (e.g., EPC or 5GC) 651initially negotiate an attachment (wherein the UE is ultimately assignedan IP address) as previously described. Pursuant to this procedure, theCMTSe establishes at least a SYN service flow as shown between itselfand the CMe, based on the UE data packets transacted (i.e., the CMTSebecomes aware of the CBSDe 631 serviced by the CMe).

Thereafter, the UE (same, or a different UE) conduct RACH and RRCconnection procedures, including attachment request and UEauthentication to the core, using the established SYN service flow. TheCMTSe may, as shown, further establish ATTACH and DATA service flows forvarious control plane and user plane transactions as shown (e.g., the UEtransmitting attachment requests upstream to the core via the CBSDe andCMe, or the UE transmitting IP UP data associated with anapplication/session upstream to a distant application server).

It will be recognized that while certain aspects of the disclosure aredescribed in terms of a specific sequence of steps of a method, thesedescriptions are only illustrative of the broader methods of thedisclosure, and may be modified as required by the particularapplication. Certain steps may be rendered unnecessary or optional undercertain circumstances. Additionally, certain steps or functionality maybe added to the disclosed embodiments, or the order of performance oftwo or more steps permuted. All such variations are considered to beencompassed within the disclosure disclosed and claimed herein.

While the above detailed description has shown, described, and pointedout novel features of the disclosure as applied to various embodiments,it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions, and changesin the form and details of the device or process illustrated may be madeby those skilled in the art without departing from the disclosure. Thisdescription is in no way meant to be limiting, but rather should betaken as illustrative of the general principles of the disclosure. Thescope of the disclosure should be determined with reference to theclaims.

It will be further appreciated that while certain steps and aspects ofthe various methods and apparatus described herein may be performed by ahuman being, the disclosed aspects and individual methods and apparatusare generally computerized/computer-implemented. Computerized apparatusand methods are necessary to fully implement these aspects for anynumber of reasons including, without limitation, commercial viability,practicality, and even feasibility (i.e., certain steps/processes simplycannot be performed by a human being in any viable fashion).

1.-19. (canceled)
 20. Computerized modem apparatus for use in a datanetwork, comprising: a radio frequency (RF) interface; at least onepacket data interface; processor apparatus in data communication withthe at least one packet data interface and the RF interface; and storageapparatus in data communication with the processor apparatus, thestorage apparatus comprising at least one computer program configuredto, when executed by the processor apparatus, cause the computerizedmodem apparatus to: receive first data packets via the at least onepacket data interface; determine that at least a portion of the firstdata packets are sourced from a wireless access node; and based at leaston the determination, forward the at least portion of the first datapackets that are sourced from the wireless access node to a packetreceiver apparatus in data communication with the computerized modemapparatus via at least the RF interface.
 21. The computerized modemapparatus of claim 20, wherein the computerized modem apparatus isfurther configured to establish one or more prioritized service flowsbetween the computerized modem apparatus and the packet receiverapparatus responsive to the forwarding of the at least portion of thefirst data packets that are sourced from the wireless access node to apacket receiver apparatus.
 22. The computerized modem apparatus of claim20, wherein the packet receiver apparatus comprises a DOCSIS cable modemtermination system (CMTS), and the computerized modem apparatuscomprises a DOCSIS cable modem (CM).
 23. The computerized modemapparatus of claim 20, wherein the determination that the at leastportion of the first data packets are sourced from the wireless accessnode comprises one of (i) inspection of one or more data fields of aheader of one or more of the first data packets, or (ii) receipt of theat least portion of the first data packets at a prescribed data packetport or socket of the computerized modem apparatus.
 24. The computerizedmodem apparatus of claim 20, wherein the at least one computer programis further configured to, when executed by the processor apparatus,cause the computerized modem apparatus to queue the at least portion ofthe first data packets in a prescribed buffer associated with a serviceflow created to route the at least portion of the first data packets tothe packet receiver apparatus.
 25. The computerized modem apparatus ofclaim 24, wherein the at least one computer program is furtherconfigured to, when executed by the processor apparatus, cause thecomputerized modem apparatus to: monitor at least one aspect of theprescribed buffer; and based at least on the monitoring, cause a changeto at least one transmission parameter associated with transmission ofthe at least portion of the first data packets.
 26. The computerizedmodem apparatus of claim 25, wherein: the at least one aspect of theprescribed buffer comprises at least one of buffer depth or fill rate;and the causation of the change to the at least one transmissionparameter associated with the transmission of the at least portion ofthe first data packets comprises negotiation of a modulation and codingscheme (MCS) higher in order than one in use prior to the change. 27.Computerized network apparatus for use in a packet data network,comprising: at least one first packet data interface for interface witha radio frequency modulation/demodulation apparatus; at least one secondpacket data interface for interface with a backhaul network; processorapparatus in data communication with the at least one first packet datainterface and the at least one second packet data interface; and storageapparatus in data communication with the processor apparatus, thestorage apparatus comprising at least one computer program configuredto, when executed by the processor apparatus, cause the computerizednetwork apparatus to: receive first data packets via the at least onefirst packet data interface; determine that at least a portion of thefirst data packets are sourced from a wireless access node in datacommunication with a modem apparatus, the modem apparatus in datacommunication with the computerized network apparatus via at least theat least one first packet data interface; and cause establishment of oneor more prioritized upstream service flows between the modem apparatusand the computerized network apparatus.
 28. The computerized networkapparatus of claim 27, wherein the one or more prioritized upstreamservice flows configured to enable a reduction in both transmissionlatency and packet loss for at least some subsequent ones of packetssourced from the wireless access node.
 29. The computerized networkapparatus of claim 27, wherein the one or more prioritized upstreamservice flows between the modem apparatus and the computerized networkapparatus comprise at least one data flow dedicated to attachment of awireless client device wirelessly connected to the wireless access nodeto a core network, the core network in data communication with thecomputerized network apparatus via the at least one second packet datainterface.
 30. The computerized network apparatus of claim 29, wherein:the computerized network apparatus comprises a cable modem terminationsystem (CMTS) within a hybrid fiber coax (HFC) network; the wirelessaccess node comprises a 3GPP-compliant CBSD (Citizens Broadband ServiceDevice) operative within a frequency band of 3.550 to 3.700 GHz; thecore network comprises at least one of a 3GPP EPC (evolved packet core)or 3GPP 5GC (5G Core); and the attachment of the wireless client devicecomprises attachment of a 3GPP UE (user equipment) to the core networkvia 3GPP attach and session establishment protocols.
 31. Thecomputerized network apparatus of claim 27, wherein the computerizednetwork apparatus is further configured to selectively cause theestablishment of the one or more prioritized upstream service flowsbetween the modem apparatus and the computerized network apparatus basedat least on a detected level of upstream packet data congestionassociated with the computerized network apparatus.
 32. The computerizednetwork apparatus of claim 27, wherein the one or more prioritizedupstream service flows between the modem apparatus and the computerizednetwork apparatus comprise establishment of at least (i) a service flowdedicated to wireless device attachment, and (ii) a user-plane (UP) datasupporting service flow.
 33. A method for operating a network, themethod comprising: receiving first data packets; determining that atleast a portion of the first data packets are sourced from a basestation in data communication with a modem apparatus, the modemapparatus in communication with a computerized network apparatus; andbased on the determining, causing establishment of one or moreprioritized service flows between the modem apparatus and thecomputerized network apparatus.
 34. The method of claim 33, wherein thedetermining that the at least portion of the first data packets aresourced from the base station comprises determining that the at leastportion of the first data packets are sourced from the base stationbased on one or more packet headers of the at least portion of thereceived first data packets having been marked with a prescribeddesignation by the base station.
 35. The method of claim 34, wherein theprescribed designation indicate at least one of (i) a particular basestation identity, or (ii) that the at least portion of the first datapackets originate from the base station generically.
 36. The method ofclaim 33, wherein the receiving, the determining, and causing of theestablishment of the one or more prioritized service flows are performedby a Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) compliantcable modem termination system (CMTS) capable of data communication witha plurality of cable modems (CMs) within one or more DOCSIS frequencybands, the DOCSIS complaint CMTS comprising a service flow agent forallocating one or more prioritized service flows to specific ones of theplurality of CMs supporting respective wireless base stations, theallocating selectively based on upstream congestion experienced by theDOCSIS compliant CMTS.
 37. The method of claim 33, wherein the basestation comprises a CBRS (Citizens Broadband Radio Service)-compliantCBSD.
 38. The method of claim 33, wherein: the network comprises ahybrid coaxial fiber network with DOCSIS capability; and the causing ofthe establishment of the one or more prioritized service flows betweenthe modem apparatus and the computerized network apparatus comprisesprioritizing UE core network attachment procedures or packets within atleast the hybrid coaxial fiber network to increase “first try”connections and attachments to a core portion of the hybrid coaxialfiber network.
 39. The method of claim 33, wherein the causing of theestablishment of the one or more prioritized service flows between themodem apparatus and the computerized network apparatus comprisesimplementing QoE or QoS for one or more Internet Protocol (IP) datasessions, the implementing comprising: establishing one or moreprioritized DOCSIS service flows for various phases of the IP datasessions; and selectively utilize the one or more prioritized DOCSISservice flows according to QoS parameters associated with the one ormore prioritized DOCSIS service flows to maintain the QoS or QoE. 40.The method of claim 33, wherein the causing of the establishment of theone or more prioritized service flows between the modem apparatus andthe computerized network apparatus comprises prioritizing one or moreIoT device attachments to at least conserve battery resources of one ormore respective IoT devices.
 41. The method of claim 33, furthercomprising: receiving data representative of a request for a resourcegrant request; based on the request, cause registration of the basestation within the network; and wherein the causing of the establishmentof the one or more prioritized service flows comprises using the one ormore prioritized service flows to prioritize the request based on thedetermining that the at least portion of the first data packets aresourced from the base station.